Značka: kusama

Polkadot hits all-time high in development activity

According to data from programming repository GitHub, Polkadot recognized more than 500 contributions each day in September — an all-time high for the multichain protocol. Simultaneously, data from Polkadot’s cross-consensus interoperability standard XCM show that a record 26,258 messages were sent between its parachains. In total, 14,930 developers’ contributions were recorded on Polkadot’s GitHub in the month of August.As told by project developers, 66 blockchains are now live on Polkadot and its parachain startup network Kusama. Since its inception, over 140,000 messages have been exchanged between chains via 135 messaging channels. Together, the Polkadot and Kusama Treasuries have cumulatively paid out 9.6 million DOT and 346,700 KSM ($72.8 million total) to fund spending proposals in the ecosystem.Parachains are individual layer-1 blockchains that run in parallel on Polkadot and are first tested on Kusama. Auctions for parachain slots are held in the form of crowdloans, with the position going to the highest bidding project. The first of its kind took place last November. Moving forward, Polkadot founder Rob Habermeier has recently published a roadmap on enhancing Polkadot and Kusama’s scalability. Highlights include asynchronous backing, or the de-coupling of the extension of parachains from the extension of the relay-chain, as a potential mechanism for cutting parachain blocktime by 50% while increasing block space give to 10 fold. The upgrade, should it go live, is also estimated to increase network speed to between 100,000 to 1 million transactions per minute.The asynchronous backing upgrade is scheduled for development on Kusama by the end of the year and then on Polkadot. Another network upgrade due next introducing ‘pay-as-you-go’ parachains would theoretically combine launching a blockchain on Kusama with simultaneously launching smart contracts. The move would shorten the development process for building on Polkadot.

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Polkadot's founder announces steps toward full decentralization with new governance model

Live from Polkadot Decoded in Buenos Aires on Wednesday, Polkadot (DOT) and Kusama founder Gavin Wood announced that the blockchain’s governance model would undergo a new transformation. Dubbed Gov2, anyone would be able to start a referendum at any time for as many times as they wish in the new setup, similar to initiating new transactions on the blockchain.Thereafter, pending referenda need 50% of the vote from stakeholders within 28 days’ time for approval or face rejection by default. Participants can also intervene and launch timely cancellation proposals, which require similar voting procedures, in the event that technical glitches are discovered within the referenda, themselves. Passive voters, t can specify a different delegate for every class of referendum in the system in a process known as multirole delegation.Wood said there will be a new body, dubbed the Polkadot Fellowship, composed of technical experts who have the power to shorten referenda voting times in the event of time-sensitive matters. Overall, several tenets would remain invariant from the previous governance model. First, 50% of the total stake in the system will be allowed to command the system’s future. Greater weight will also be given to those willing to lock their tokens in the system for a longer durationin a process known as conviction voting. Finally, a committee will also remain to oversee the blockchain’s technocratic developments.As told by Gavin, the changes will reflect the flaws of centralization and one referendum at a time voting system present in Polkadot’s original governance model. Gov2 is set to launch on Kusama imminently, following afinal professional audit of its code. Once tested on Kusama, a proposal will be made to bridge it to Polkadot.

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Bitfrost releases upgraded SALP 2.0 after protocol helped secure $450M via parachain auctions

On Friday, Bitfrost, a Web 3.0 derivatives protocol that provides decentralized cross-chain liquidity for staked assets, launched the updated Slot Liquidity Auction Protocol dubbed “SALP 2.0.” Projects such as Moonbeam, Unique network, OAK network, Polkadex, etc., held their parachain crowdloans on Kusama and Polkadot via the original SALP. A total of 8,834,746 vsKSM ($439 million) and 3,045,564 vsDOT ($21 million) was minted through the protocol.The SALP protocol works by releasing the liquidity of tokens staked during an auction; liquid derivatives such as vsDOT and vsKSM are issued on a 1:1 basis for the tokens staked. Both vsDOT and vsKSM can be used for decentralized finance, or DeFi, applications, and rewards throughout the ecosystem as long as the native tokens remain locked for the duration of the parachain lease.This avoids the opportunity cost of locking their coins. However, the new SALP 2.0 allows users to obtain liquid tokens via direct investment, not just via crowdloan participation. Tyrone Pan, head of development at Bifrost, commented:”The upgrading of SALP 2.0 is generating a Bond market for Crowdloan assets, improving the efficiency of vsToken & vsBond liquidity while lowering the threshold for users. This model not only facilitates Crowdloan users to manage derivatives, but also cleverly combines Crowdloan with DeFi.”Liquid staking is a relatively new phenomenon in the DeFi realm, mainly born to allow users to recover potential opportunity costs while staking their assets. The potential downside is their vulnerability to the changes in underlying assets as they are classified as DeFi derivatives. 

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Interlay aims to advance Bitcoin’s DeFi potential with new interoperable bridge

Interlay, a newly appointed Polkadot (DOT) parachain network, is nearing the completion of a two-year Bitcoin (BTC) bridge development project on Polkadot, with the launch announcement on its sandbox platform Kusama.Additionally, Interlay has integrated a Wrapped Bitcoin (wBTC) digital asset, known as kBTC, on their Canary parachain Kintsugi. The asset is already available for trading on other Polkadot parachains Karura, governed by Acala, and Moonriver, governed by Moonbeam.It is expected that Interlay will seek to deploy its technology across both Cosmos and Ethereum during the coming year to enhance interoperability between chains.As many of you know, kBTC is our flagship product on @kusamanetwork. kBTC is a 1:1 BTC-backed asset on Kusama, maintained by a decentralized network of collateralized vaults. KSM will be the first of many collateral to secure kBTC❗️Detailed analysis https://t.co/AT8yC4iQqC— Interlay #interBTC (@InterlayHQ) March 24, 2022Alexei Zamyatin, the co-founder and CEO of Interlay, stated:“There is 14 billion USD worth of Bitcoin ‘DeFi’ on Ethereum, controlled by a handful of centralized custodians, behind KYC, with no remedy for users or DApps if something goes wrong. Even big players like Maker, Compound and Aave implicitly trust a few tradiFi institutions.”The initial development of this project was financially supported by an undisclosed, up-to-$100,000 Web3 Foundation grant issued in March 2020.Related: How Polkadot’s parachain auctions make a decentralized Web3 possibleFollowing this, the interoperability project was the subject of two capital raises, both a $3 million seed round in July 2021 and a Series A $6.5 million round in December 2021. At the time of the latter, the founder of CEO of lead contributor DFG Capital, James Wo stated that Interlay’s solution will “expand the cross-chain possibilities for Bitcoin.”In February, Interlay was announced among the winners of Polkadot’s tenth parachain auction slot, securing in excess of 2.7 million DOT tokens from nearly 20,000 participants. 

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2 metrics signal traders do not expect $2T crypto market cap anytime soon

Cryptocurrencies failed to break the 42-day long downtrend after the $1.95-trillion capitalization resistance was rejected on March 20. Even though Bitcoin (BTC) gained a modest 3.7% over the past seven days, altcoins presented a robust rally.Crypto markets’ aggregate capitalization showed a 6.2% increase to $1.92 trillion between March 14 and 21. Such performance was positively impacted by Ether’s (ETH) 14% gains, Cardano (ADA) increasing 13%, and Solana (SOL) gaining 10%.Total crypto market cap, USD billion. Source: TradingViewWhile those assets were not the biggest weekly gains among the top 80 coins, Ether may have fueled investors’ expectations after Glassnode’s on-chain data showed that ETH balances on crypto exchanges reached their lowest levels since 2018.Comparing the winners and losers provides skewed results, as only two names presented negative performances over the past seven days:Weekly winners and losers among the top 80 coins. Source: NomicsEthereum Classic (ETC) rallied 51% after the HebeSwap decentralized exchange application surpassed $290 million in total value locked. With liquidity pools growing on the protocol, Ethereum Classic appears to have a decentralized finance hub of its own.Aave gained 35% following its v3 liquidity pool upgrade on March 16, adding cross-chain asset functionality, a community contribution tool, and a gas optimization model. Several wallet-based decentralized applications will be integrated, including Instadapp, DeBank, 1inch, ParaSwap, Zapper, DeFi Saver, Zerion and more.Kusama (KSM) gained 31% after Parity Technology confirmed that it would enable parachain (sidechain) swaps on the upcoming 0.9.18 release. Moreover, Manta Network’s on-chain privacy Dolphin Testnet reached 30,000 transactions on March 14.Tether premium shows slight discomfortThe OKX Tether (USDT) premium is a good gauge of China-based retail trader crypto demand. It measures the difference between China-based peer-to-peer trades and the United States dollar.Excessive buying demand tends to pressure the indicator above fair value at 100%, and during bearish markets, Tether’s market offer is flooded, causing a 4% or higher discount.Tether (USDT) peer-to-peer vs. USD/CNY. Source: OKXCurrently, the Tether premium stands at 99.9%, its lowest level since March 3. While distant from retail panic selling, the indicator showed a modest deterioration over the past week.Still, weaker retail demand is not worrisome, as it partially reflects the total cryptocurrency capitalization, which is down 46% year-to-date.Related: ‘No more 4-year cycles’ — 5 things to know in Bitcoin this weekFutures markets show mixed sentimentPerpetual contracts, also known as inverse swaps, have an embedded rate usually charged every eight hours. Exchanges use this fee to avoid exchange risk imbalances.A positive funding rate indicates that longs (buyers) demand more leverage. However, the opposite situation occurs when shorts (sellers) require additional leverage, causing the funding rate to turn negative.Accumulated perpetual futures funding rate on March 21. Source: CoinglassAs depicted above, the accumulated seven-day funding rate is slightly positive for Bitcoin and Ether. This data indicates slightly higher demand from longs (buyers), but it is insignificant. For example, Solana’s positive 0.20% weekly rate equals 0.8% per month, which should not be a concern for most futures traders.On the other hand, both Terra (LUNA) and Polkadot (DOT) futures showed slightly more demand from shorts (sellers). Thus, the absence of Tether demand in Asia and mixed perpetual contract premiums signal a lack of confidence from traders despite the recent price gains.The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

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Exec at Composable Finance allegedly doxed as convicted fraudster Omar Zaki

Late Friday afternoon, decentralized finance, or DeFi, investigator @zachxbt published a series of tweets accusing fraudster Omar Zaki of hiding behind the facade of 0xbrainjar, the anonymous head of product at Composable Finance.From last November to this February, Composable Finance raised over $167 million through seed funding, as well as crowdloan auctions on the Polkadot (DOT) and Kusama (KSM) parachains. Over 9,000 participants contributed to the DOT crowdloan alone. As told by zachxbt, who cited documents from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, Omar Zaki, then a 21-year-old New York resident and graduate of Yale University with a bachelor degree in physics and economics, was charged with fraud after misleading investors while operating an unregistered hedge fund, resulting in a civil penalty of $25,000. In addition, Two crypto projects allegedly run by Zaki, Warp Finance, and Force DAO allegedly suffered hacks resulting in $8.367 million in lost funds — some of which was partially recovered.1/ I have found there is another fraudster in the mix behind multiple projects in the space. This time being @0xbrainjar aka Omar Zaki pic.twitter.com/okCgzoO1Rz— zachxbt (@zachxbt) February 18, 2022The DeFi investigator allegedly linked the two identities together by first creating a burner Telegram to message both Zaki’s personal & Anon account, where both messages were “read at the same exact time.” Then, zachxbt reached out to individuals who “confirmed the anon identity link to Yale + physics/Econ background.” Finally, a phone number was claimed by zachxbt to be linked to the developer’s name, but it’s unclear how it connects Zaki’s identity with 0xbrainjar.zachxbt is renowned in the blockchain community for his sleuthing skills in unmasking the history behind anonymous devs of DeFi projects. Last month, the DeFi sleuth correctly uncovered that the co-founder of defunct exchange QuadrigaCX, Michael Patryn, held the position of chief financial officer at Wonderland. Just a few days later, the Avalanche-based reserve currency shut down after negative publicity surrounding the unmasking caused a sharp divide in the community.This story is developing and will be updated  as more details emerge.

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