Autor Cointelegraph By Rachel Wolfson

NFT fashion hits the runway as designers launch in the Metaverse

The rise of the Metaverse has resulted in an entirely new digital economy, one defined by virtual experiences and interactions. In turn, metaverse ecosystems consisting of avatars are also emerging, allowing individuals to express themselves through digital customizable 3D characters. This idea was recently broadcasted to the mainstream when Facebook’s parent company, Meta, introduced a series of inclusive avatars. While the Metaverse may sound futuristic, recent findings from technology research and consulting company Gartner predict that 25% of people will have spent at least one hour per day in the Metaverse by 2026. Gartner vice president Marty Resnick has also predicted that 30% of organizations worldwide will have products and services in the Metaverse by 2026. Fashion NFTs are the next big trendGiven this, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that digital fashion created for metaverse environments is also starting to unfold. Lokesh Rao, co-founder and chief operating officer of Trace Network Labs — a decentralized protocol enabling lifestyle and luxury brands to enter the Metaverse — told Cointelegraph that fashion has always been a way for people to express and carry themselves in the physical world. Yet, as it becomes more common for people to split their time between the physical world and the Metaverse, Rao believes that demand is growing for virtual luxury lifestyle goods. In particular, Rao mentioned that digital fashion in the form of nonfungible tokens, or NFTs, are starting to gain traction with major brands and high-end fashion designers:“Fashion NFTs are simply tokenized outfits, accessories, textiles and other wearables that have been created to exist in virtual worlds. Their purpose is quite straightforward. They provide a way for us to express ourselves in the Metaverse.” To Rao’s point, it’s become apparent that major brands are starting to pay attention to NFTs. In December 2021, sportswear manufacturer Nike announced the acquisition of virtual sneakers and collectibles brand RTFKT as the first step toward metaverse enablement. Dani Loftus, founder of This Outfit Does Not Exist — a digital fashion platform — told Cointelegraph that the acquisition demonstrates that traditional fashion brands will soon have to move closer to digital models. “In the future, the Metaverse and digital fashion will have to be taken seriously,” she said. It’s also notable that high-end luxury brands such as Dolce & Gabbana and Jimmy Choo, launched their own NFT collections last year during New York Fashion Week 2021. Dolce & Gabbana’s nine-piece NFT collection was designed by UNXD, a creator and curator boutique for iconic luxury brands. Shashi Menon, the Dubai-based publisher of Vogue Arabia and founder and chief operating officer of UNXD, told Cointelegraph that fashion plays an incredibly important role in identity, as well as NFTs:“Part of UNXD’s thesis is that fashion is going to be one of the first killer use cases in the Metaverse. What’s in your wallet says something about who you are, how you want to be perceived and what you can do on Web3 platforms or even in the real world.” With this in mind, Menon added that UNXD is focused on crafting not only the best visuals that can be enjoyed as art but is also unlocking experiences with the world’s top brands for UNXD’s collector community. “This is all made possible because of NFTs,” he remarked. Fashion NFTs hit the runway in 2022Given the impact NFTs are already having on the fashion world, it seems only logical that digital designs are now being presented in metaverse environments. Specifically speaking, the fashion world and Web3 truly collide as “Metaverse Fashion Week” events come to fruition. Jonathan Simkhai’s NFT collection. Source: EveryrealmFor example, Everyrealm — a group of active investors and developers for metaverse ecosystems — hosted its Metaverse Fashion Week on February 14, 2022, coinciding with New York Fashion Week 2022. Everyrealm’s metaverse fashion show was produced by Blueberry entertainment, a digital wearables brand, and took place in the Second Life Metaverse, a virtual world that launched in 2003. The fashion show featured designs from Jonathan Simkhai, a high-end women‘s fashion designer and New York Fashion Week staple. Julia Schwartz, co-founder of Everyrealm, told Cointelegraph that the company’s goal was to illustrate that digital fashion has a place in the broader business by giving digital wearables a runway in the Metaverse. Schwartz added that the event coincided with New York Fashion Week to allow people to experience fashion in a new and immersive realm that was also unconstrained by COVID-19 restrictions. “When we opened Metaverse Fashion Week to the public in the Second Life, we had over 40,000 attendees,” said Schwartz. She elaborated that Everyrealm collaborated with Jonathan Simkhai to create ten Fall/Winter 2022 styles for the Metaverse: “For the first time ever, digital NFT wearables made their debut in the Metaverse before their physical counterparts, demonstrating a dramatic shift in the way people consume and experience fashion and culture.”While innovative, it’s important to point out here that Everyrealm’s fashion show consisted of wearable fashion NFTs and not just digital fashion designs. While digital fashion can be superimposed on photos to be worn in social media posts, or on 3D avatars, Schwartz remarked that the Metaverse creates opportunities for people to not only participate in culture but to own a piece of it through the purchase of nonfungible tokens. Echoing Schwartz, Justin Banon, co-founder of Boson Protocol — a platform that enables brands to sell physical items in the Metaverse — told Cointelegraph that incorporating NFTs into digital wearables gives individuals strong property rights, as they own an asset that is permanent. “It becomes a piece of fashion history or an heirloom that could be passed down through generations. These property rights are driving the value of NFTs as people value truly owning an asset.”Jonathan Simkhai white pants suit. Source: EveryrealmThat being said, Schwartz explained that six of Jonathan Simkhai’s designs were developed into NFTs for Everyrealm’s fashion show, noting that one was a one-on-one piece that sold for approximately $3,000 dollars. “The owner of the 1/1 NFT will receive a physical piece from Jonathan Simkhai‘s Fall/Winter 2022 collection,” said Schwartz. NFTs take fashion to new heightsWhile Everyrealm’s metaverse fashion show coincided with New York Fashion Week, another NFT fashion collection was launched during Paris Fashion Week this year. Terrence Zhou, a New York-based designer whose pieces have been featured on magazine covers including Vogue, Elle and Marie Claire, told Cointelegraph that he launched his first NFT collection on March 3, 2022, via the digital fashion marketplace The Dematerialised. Known as INFINITE, Zhou describes his NFT collection as a fashion experience built for the consciousness rather than for the body:“This collection reimagines and elevates the potential of wearable art in the virtual world. When people see fashion, they often think it’s a commodity, but I see fashion as art. This is why I find it empowering to create NFTs, so people can collect and own these as art but can also wear them virtually or in real life. This is a gamechanger.” According to Zhou, there are six NFTs in his INFINITE collection, three of which were launched during Paris Fashion Week. He explained that the unique NFTs represent an extension of his physical designs yet complement areas that cannot be achieved in real life. “All of the fantasies I have about fashion can’t be realized in the physical world, but these fashion pieces come to life and can tell stories in the digital world. It becomes much more poetic.”Terrence Zhou’s “λ-02” NFT, inspired by the little mermaid. Source: Terrence ZhouFor instance, Zhou shared that the INFINITE collection narrates the transformative experience about the idea of love and intimate relationships, inviting people to a diorama of emotions rendered by such an exceptional human interaction. Zhou elaborated: “Inspired by The Little Mermaid and the Greek mythology of sirens, three NFTs explore sexual fantasies in an illogical way by fusing anthropomorphic structures with absurd representations such as bulbous forms and fishtails. The balloon shape with a beating heart unifies the collection, accompanied by two distinct mermaid tails representing both unrequited love and bodily sacrifice.” In addition to expanding upon creative possibilities, fashion NFTs also allow designers to connect more deeply with consumers. Zhou explained that NFTs are empowering from a designer’s perspective because it allows him to interact directly with his audience. Jonathan Simkhai, the debut designer for Everyrealm’s Fashion Week, further told Cointelegraph that an NFT collection is an exciting way to engage with a wider audience:“The future of fashion exists in the Metaverse alongside in real-life garments and activations. To me, it‘s more about accessibility and community building. Activating in the Metaverse allows us to reach a customer who maybe isn‘t familiar with the brand but allows them to create a digital identity using the clothes.“To Simkhai’s point, Schwartz mentioned that an attendee at Everyrealm’s Metaverse Fashion Week commented that she would want to virtually wear one of the white NFT pants suits featured since she would “never be able to pull them off in real life.” Schwartz explained, “These platforms allow us the space to explore, escape and exist without fear of judgment, stigma or societal pressures.”NFTs will continue to hit the catwalk this yearGiven the success currently seen around NFT fashion, it’s likely that digital designs will continue to make their debut in the Metaverse. This notion is being reinforced by the Decentraland metaverse platform, which recently announced that it would be hosting one of the biggest digital fashion week events that will take place during March 24-27, 2022. Gigi Graziosi Casimiro, head of Decentraland’s Metaverse Fashion Week, told Cointelegraph that Decentraland will host four days of runway shows, fashion experiences, pop-up shops and afterparties, featuring some of the most renowned names in the global fashion world. For example, Casimiro mentioned that the London retailer, Selfridges, will kick off Metaverse Fashion Week on March 23 with the inauguration of its flagship metaverse store. Terrence Zhou’s NFT “Ω” was inspired by the embryonic stage of love. Source: Terrence ZhouThe event will also feature a futuristic runway hosting daily shows by iconic fashion houses such as Dolce & Gabbana, Dundas and Etro. Other purely digital fashion brands like The Fabricant and new designers will also make their digital wearables debut. “Fashion is its own economy. We are hosting Metaverse Fashion Week to connect community creators with the fashion industry in one place. The mission is to connect physical with digital fashion. Therefore, we are bringing big brands in alongside new creators,” explained Casimiro. Moreover, Casimiro mentioned that Metaverse Fashion Week will consist of a mixture of NFTs and digital fashion, noting that some designs will be connected to NFT marketplaces. Casimiro believes that Decentraland’s Fashion Week will likely attract both Web3 and traditional fashion audiences: “Brands want to better understand how to reach traditional audiences and attract new customers by accessing the Metaverse. We expect to see a lot of newbies enter Decentraland for this event.” Reimagining the future of fashion with NFTsAlthough it’s becoming clear that NFTs are the future of fashion, it’s also important to point out that this sector still requires both technical and mental development. For fashion brands entering the Metaverse, Casimiro explained that the primary challenge is getting them to understand the infinite possibilities and scale of virtual environments. “Brands are coming in and thinking they can do the same in the Metaverse as traditional catwalks, but brands can be much more creative. The creation process is becoming more collaborative.”In terms of traditional fashion designers entering Web3, it can be challenging to initially transform real-world garments into digital designs but Simkhai shared that it was an interesting process to learn about. “As a designer, I spend so much time working with garments and fabrics in the real world. For this project, a ton of time was spent in ‘virtual fittings’ to ensure the garments maintained the coherence of the clothing in real life.” This aspect also remains a concern for curators, as Menon explained that UNXD’s role is to capture the designer’s spirit and extend it into the Metaverse in the most meaningful way. “For luxury brands, in particular, there‘s just a lot of detail involved in getting that right, and we work very closely with the designers to do so. It‘s a very high-touch approach, but one that luxury requires.” Futuristic catwalk at Metaverse Fashion Week. Source: DecentralandFinally, technical challenges also remain to ensure that high-end digital wearables are appropriately displayed in metaverse environments. For example, Banon mentioned that one of the biggest challenges facing digital fashion today is the quality of resolution within certain virtual worlds. “Many don’t have the resolution to render fashion items as well as would be desired. However, as we‘ve seen in all other aspects of information technology, when it comes to quality, everything gets better over time.”Indeed, as the future of fashion unfolds, improvements will certainly follow. Megan Kaspar, managing director at Magnetic Capital and member of Red DAO — a fashion-focused decentralized autonomous organization — told Cointelegraph that the need for industry standards and interoperability within all metaverse environments is now required to ensure a better quality of products. Fortunately, this challenge is being worked on. For example, Marjorie Hernandez, founder of LUKSO — a blockchain infrastructure providing standards for physical and digital goods — told Cointelegraph that the platform is planning to merge both the physical and digital world by creating a seamless and interoperable ecosystem with blockchain technology:“Both digital and physical garments can be authenticated on-chain as NFTs allowing for proof of ownership, proof of authenticity and multiverse interoperability and utility. With our new standards and NFT 2.0, digital fashion garments could even be upgraded based on seasons, trends, between owners or to mark special moments in a brand‘s history.”Given this, Hernandez, along with other industry participants, believes that the future of fashion lies within NFTs that are interoperable and dematerialized. “With digitization, creative opportunities for the fashion industry and even emerging designers are limitless,” she said. Schwartz added that “as brands look for new ways to engage with customers, the Metaverse will provide opportunities for experimentation in the form of digital/physical activations and merchandise.”

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International Women’s Day 2022 focuses on bringing women to Web3

At its core, Web3 is about regaining control from centralized online experiences, allowing creators to interact within peer-to-peer (P2P) ecosystems focused on music, film, artwork, fashion and other popular topics. This has also given rise to nonfungible tokens (NFTs) and digital ecosystems often referred to as the Metaverse. Given the broad range of interests Web3 touches upon, the sector is not only attracting typical “tech bros” but has also captured the attention of many females looking to further build and develop the decentralized web. The movement of women entering Web3 has especially become apparent now, as the sector is still in its infancy.Sandy Carter, senior vice president of Unstoppable Domains — a blockchain domain name provider — told Cointelegraph that Web3 today presents women with a phenomenal opportunity to make an impact since the space is still being developed. This isn’t always the case though, as Carter explained that before joining Unstoppable Domains in Dec. 2021, she was one of the few women executives at Amazon Web Services:“As I transitioned to Unstoppable Domains, I was disappointed in Web2 and how much lack of diversity I found. Oftentimes 20% of the room would be women at conferences. It has also been shown that less than 5% of entrepreneurs in the Web2 space are female. This was mind blowing.”International Women’s Day 2022In order to help bring more women to the Web3 space, Carter said that Unstoppable Domains has partnered with 66 leading Web2 and Web3 companies to form a new initiative called “Unstoppable Women of Web3” — a diversity and education group focused on training the next generation of talent for the Web3 era.Carter said that organizations supporting this initiative include major corporations like Google Cloud and Deloitte, along with blockchain companies such as Decentraland, BlockFi and Binance.US. “All partners have signed a pledge to feature work created by historically marginalized groups in at least half of all materials used for Web3 education,” said Carter.While Carter believes that the Web3 space is starting to see an influx of women, she still thinks that the sector is often misunderstood and, therefore, intimidating. “I do think there is potential for women to enter Web3, but education is still required. For instance, if women look at a Web3 job offering and only meet certain criteria they may not apply. So, we are trying to break this down,” she said. As a starting point, Carter noted that Unstoppable Women of Web3 will host a 24-hour Twitter spaces discussion on March 8 — International Women’s Day — to discuss Web3 related topics. She also noted that Unstoppable Domains will publish a list of 100 influential women in Web3 on International Women’s Day to demonstrate innovation in this new sector.NFT marketplace Rarible is also hoping to drive women’s participation in Web3 by promoting female-empowerment projects during International Women’s Day this year. Masha Vyazemskaya, head of communications at Rarible, told Cointelegraph that while nonfungible tokens have created incredible opportunities for creatives,only 16% of NFT creators are women. “Even lesser known is the generation of female artists that have been involved in the NFT space since the early days, building the foundation of what the industry is today,” said Vyazemskaya.Given this, Vyazemskaya explained that Rarible is placing a heavy focus on female-led NFT projects on March 8 to ensure that diverse voices are recognized. For example, Vyazemskaya explained that Rarible will be highlighting one of its first female NFT artists,Lirona. According to Vyazemskaya, Lirona started from scratch in the NFT space and has since launched her widely successful “#boiz” collection on the Rarible marketplace, which has garnered over $700,000 in sales. Vyazemskaya said:“What’s amazing is that Lirona started on Rarible in early 2021 with her collections selling for 0.1 ETH and now they are selling for 20-30 ETH. This represents a very important journey for us, demonstrating how we work closely with artists and support their needs.”NFT from Lirona’s boi collection. Source: RaribleVyazemskaya added that Rarible will be launching “Metafemale” on March 8, which is an NFT collection that serves as a community for female creators and entrepreneurs in the space. “This project will also provide access to a private members club for female creatives in the metaverse,” she said. Vyazemskaya further remarked that Rarible will be promoting “Women Rise” this year, which is an NFT series supporting women activists, artists, scientists and coders.Initiatives are neededWhile initiatives to drive female participation in Web3 are notable, it’s important to point out that Web3 may be catering to a more diverse audience in general. For instance, Tegan Kline, co-founder of Edge and Node — the development team behind open-source indexing protocol The Graph — told Cointelegraph that NFTs are a use case within the Web3 umbrella that has reached the masses. “With this, it feels like many more women have gotten involved in the space. For that I am grateful, as it has been a huge need,” she said.In addition to NFTs, Megan Kaspar, co-founder and managing director of Magnetic — a crypto and blockchain investment and incubation firm — told Cointelegraph that since 2013, she has been asked, “How do we bring more women into tech, crypto and blockchain?” Kaspar explained that her answer applies to Web3, noting that more women will participate when dominant female verticals such as those related to beauty and fashion start to develop. “That’s happening now and it’s a contributing factor to all of the new female Web3 entrants over the past year and a half. The merge of fashion and blockchain has made this possible and that motivates me to continue contributing to the excitement emerging in metafashion,” remarked Kaspar.Megan Kaspar on the cover of Haute Living January 2022 in a digital Fendi Dress. Source: Haute LivingWhile more women are taking an interest in Web3, Kline believes that awareness needs to be raised to ensure that women continue to enter the Web3 space early on: “There is such a huge opportunity right now within Web3, it is similar to the early days of Wall Street or the early days of the tech boom. So many women were left out of both of those movements and I do not want to see the same in Web3. Now is the opportunity to get into a revolutionary movement that will likely change the world ahead of the masses.”Tegan with a handful of the women within The Graph ecosystem from a team offsite event. Source: The GraphWith this in mind, Kline said that she believes talks, panels and events are all important everyday initiatives to ensure that more women enter Web3. Echoing Kline, Jennifer Kim, founder and chief operating officer of SEUNwater — an Internet of Things water monitoring platform — told Cointelegraph that although Web3 may cater more to women, there still isn’t enough participation to see real traction.In order to change this, Kim explained that she manages HBAR Foundation’s “Female Founders Fund.” According to Kim, The Female Founders Fund is a new program where qualified teams, led by women, may be eligible for funding, mentorship and guidance by the HBAR Foundation, which is Hedera Hashgraph’s grant program. “I hope that I can help women who want an extremely rewarding and fulfilling career in Web3. My passion for this industry is fierce and I want to share it,” mentioned Kim.Connecting with other female thought leaders is indeed a critical element for growth within a new technology sector. Sonal Patel, operations lead at ConsenSys Mesh Baseline Research and Development — a unit developing technologies and contributions to the Ethereum Foundation — touched upon this.She told Cointelegraph that her interest in Web3 began when she invested in crypto for the first time. Following this, Patel explained that she wanted to learn more about Web3 in her spare time, which led her to contribute to projects focused on decentralizing the web. In turn, Patel connected with some inspiring women like Eva Beylin, director of the Graph Foundation. Patel elaborated:“The rise of decentralized communities, protocols and practices creates a strong need for operational integrity since the work is usually voluntary for those involved. Because of this, I’ve been formalizing and optimizing processes in the open source Baseline Protocol community to ultimately share and apply these innovative practices to contribute to the success and longevity of Web3 projects across the ecosystem.”Community building Although Web3 seems to be a promising new sector for diversity, some women already immersed in Web3 believe that a challenge moving forward is ensuring that women’s voices are continually heard.To put this in perspective, Olive Allen — an NFT artist who recently burned her Russian passport in hopes of raising awareness and funds for the military conflict in Ukraine — told Cointelegraph that she entered Web3 in 2018. According to Allen, she created one of the very first NFT drops in 2019 known as “13 Dreadful and Disappointing Items.” While notable, Allen explained that many men took credit for this project shortly after it was launched. “Unfortunately, women have always been pretty much cut out from the history of any field be it science, technology or the arts. And, I feel it’s happening now,” she remarked.”Mr. Coin Pig 1st Edition” NFT from Allen’s 13 Dreadful and Disappointing Items. Source: OpenSeaAs such, Allen believes that women’s voices often get lost in what she refers to as “the sea of crypto bro Twitter/Discord talk.” She added, “Don’t believe me? Tune in to the most popular crypto Twitter Spaces. I feel like ‘community’ doesn’t exist for women.”Fortunately, understanding challenges early on may help improve Web3 as it matures. To this point, Carter noted that a main goal of Unstoppable Women of Web3 is to create ongoing community building. “Knowledge will be shared through Twitter Spaces, Discord, Telegram and in-person events, starting with a live event at South By Southwest 2022,” she said.Denelle Dixon, chief executive officer and executive director of the Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) — a non-profit organization meant to support the growth of the Stellar Network — further told Cointelegraph that SDF is working with universities and educational institutions to organize NFT hackathons for women and nonbinary learners. “Inclusive education and community building are how we help bring more women and a broader group of users into Web3 that don’t see themselves reflected in the space nearly enough,” she said. 

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Non-crypto natives launch social tokens to engage with community and fans

The COVID-19 pandemic, along with other recent events, have revealed the need for a fully digital economy, giving rise to Metaverse ecosystems, Web3 platforms and the adoption of digital currencies. For example, the Ukrainian government recently reached out to the crypto community on Twitter asking for donations in Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH) and Tether (USDT). Nonfungible tokens, or NFTs, have also gained mainstream adoption as artists and creators across the globe have discovered new forms of monetization with these models. While innovative, these use cases also demonstrate the notion that blockchain-based concepts that emerged early on often take years to resonate with mainstream society. Social tokens in 2022This also appears to be the case with social tokens o tokens that are issued by individuals and communities to create engagement. While social tokens were predicted to be the next big trend within the crypto sector in 2020, they seem to be taking off this year due to increased interest from non-crypto natives. Jan Baeriswyl, token design specialist at Outlier Ventures — a venture capital firm supporting the development of new technologies — told Cointelegraph that social tokens are fungible, ERC-20 tokens that can be used for instances other than financial purposes. “For example, social tokens can be used to gain access to specific communities, like on Discord. By being less financially focused, social tokens are more accessible to the mainstream, which is why we are seeing increased interest,” Baeriswyl explained. He added that social tokens can take different forms for various purposes, noting that these digital tokens can be used by creators to engage with fans, or by communities to increase awareness for certain causes. In addition, social tokens are also being leveraged to help creators and communities gain access to Web3 platforms that offer decentralized models and incentives for community participation. Andrew Berkowitz, chief executive officer at Socialstack — a social token issuance platform built on the Ethereum, Polygon and Celo — told Cointelegraph that Socialstack caters to non-crypto native communities to help issue social tokens that allow for the development of a Web3 ecosystem. “At Socialstack, we realize that 99% of the world are not crypto-natives. We believe that individuals need a platform where they can simply use an email login to take advantage of Web3 capabilities,” he said. To put this in perspective, Berkowitz explained that Socialstack recently helped Project Zero — a non-profit organization focused on protecting the ocean from climate change — launch a social token to create an “ecosystem of value that benefits both the planet and participants.” Michele Clarke, founder and CEO of Project Zero, told Cointelegraph that their social token, PZero, enables community members to earn rewards by taking specific actions. An ocean shot by Project Zero ambassador and photographer Ben Thouard. Source: Project ZeroFor instance, Clarke remarked that Project Zero’s pre-existing user base consists of about 1 million people. Users can now be rewarded with PZero by helping raise awareness for certain issues. “This can be further amplified by an ambassador with a massive following, a brand partner or collectible artist or news piece that causes a spike into the millions or even hundreds of millions, and we have had a few activations reach over a billion,” she said. Clarke also explained that a primary focus Project Zero aims to achieve with its social token is to convert members’ brief attention spans (often seen during a major crisis) into long-term participation with the organization. Jake Beaumont-Nesbitt, founder and chief community experience officer at Project Zero, further told Cointelegraph that Project Zero was created eight years ago and was decentralized by design, as the project is made up of a science-based community located across the globe. Given this, Beaumont-Nesbitt explained that Project Zero naturally aligned with the Web3 ethos, as the organization has always existed without centralized platforms or third-party intermediaries. By adopting a Web3 model through the incorporation of social tokens, Beaumont-Nesbitt pointed out that Project Zero is now able to better engage with its community. He said:“Web3 engagement allows an organization to scale up massively by creating value going back to the contributors. Giving back to certain causes today isn’t just about dropping money in a jar and hoping it helps. Web3 enables transparency, allowing people to understand where their money is going, while also participating in a greater way.” In terms of incentives, Clarke noted that Project Zero community members will be able to use their social tokens to redeem a variety of digital and real world offerings. “For example, members could buy an NFT on our platform and then be rewarded even more with social tokens to redeem for different incentives,” she said. While Project Zero represents what Baeriswyl would refer to as a “community” social tokens, other projects are geared toward individuals — especially as the “creator economy” continues to gain traction. For example, Calaxy is a token-based app for creators founded by NBA star Spencer Dinwiddie and ex-financier Solo Ceesay. While Calaxy is still in its beta version, Ceesay told Cointelegraph that the mobile app will essentially allow creators to build their own social fan-tokens within a Web3 ecosystem: “Calaxy app allows influencers to build social tokens with an easy interface, while also having a marketplace in the application to engage with fans.”Ceesay added that Calaxy is powered by Hedera Hashgraph’s distributed ledger technology, which allows the application to act in a decentralized manner to let users engage in different ways using social tokens. Like Project Zero, Ceesay shared that Calaxy is focused on non-crypto natives. “We cater to YouTubers, gamers, social media influencers, sports players and more. Our creator list is expansive,” he remarked. NFTs within Calaxy App. Source: CalaxyGiven this, Ceesay explained that Calaxy offers an Instagram or Twitter like user experience, where individuals have a discover page that also allows them to follow different influencers. Users can then visit an influencer’s homepage to buy their social tokens, where they will also be presented with a list of experiences offered, such as one-on-one video calls or access to exclusive events. While creator social tokens may sound similar to NFTs, Ceesay noted that nonfungible tokens are more about utility and artistic expression, whereas social tokens offer greater flexibility:“We envision a world where a sports player, for instance, has a social token that portrays their image. They can then hold that token for eventual decentralized finance capabilities. This is an entirely new economy where creators can do whatever they want with their tokens.” Regulatory concerns around “social money”Yet while social tokens may be gaining traction, it’s also important to point out the regulatory concerns. The biggest issue to consider here would be a social token in the form of a security. To ensure that social tokens are not viewed as securities, Ceesay explained that tokens created on Calaxy are stable coins that are collateralized one-to-one with USDC. “These are stable coins due to the regulatory gray area, but this also helps with onboarding,” he said. For instance, Ceesay pointed out that a Calaxy user could be an eight-year-old boy who is a fan of a specific sports player. “We don’t want these users to have a volatile asset,” explained Ceesay. Berkowitz further remarked that Socialstack is an entirely closed ecosystem to ensure regulatory compliance. Berkowitz added that while there are still no clear regulations around social tokens, certain steps can be taken to ensure compliance:“The best way to mitigate the risk of a security is to do things through an NFT and then have a Know Your Customer layer that identifies each person as an accredited investor. This is the best way to mitigate risk, but as of now we are making sure communities on our platform are not getting into risky situations.”To Berkowitz’s point, Clarke commented that Project Zero is “not a get rich quick scheme,” but rather a social movement. “We are building a community. Web3 is creating great opportunities for exchanging value, not only through currency and smart contract projects, but also social tokens,” she explained. Clarke added that Project Zero’s PZero social tokens have no monetary value: “That was deliberate. As such, it was tricky figuring out the initial values for earning and redeeming PZero social tokens. Our tokenomics need to be simple, but we also need to develop them without reference to a single fiat currency and with a view to creating scale.” Will social tokens underpin DAOs moving forward?Although social tokens are being adopted more widely, use cases for these digital assets are still being developed. As such, the future of social tokens remains unclear. “There are different ways in which people can use these assets. The most exciting part is that we don’t know the best use cases yet,” said Ceesay.Given this, some in the industry believe that social tokens will play a key role in decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), that typically leverage a token that can be spent to earn rewards. Stani Kulechov, founder and chief operating officer at Aave (AAVE) — an open-source DeFi protocol — told Cointelegraph that although social tokens are still extremely nascent, in the future the crypto sector may see creator social tokens underpinned by DAOs.In addition, Baeriswyl expects to see combinations of NFTs and social tokens emerge. While this is just a hypothesis, he explained that the GameFi and play-to-earn spaces are already leveraging a combination of NFTs and forms of fungible tokens:“With play-to-earn, you usually have NFT items and then a currency to exchange value. Therefore it may make sense to reward users with social tokens that are really NFTs.”Predictions aside, it’s a safe bet to say that social tokens are here to stay since, for example, they are making it easier for creators and communities to launch these social tokens. “Social tokens may not have gained traction before due to complexities and not enough easy-to-use onboarding ramps. There are now apps and platforms that help with this,” said Ceesay. Berkowitz further remarked that Socialstack is working with a number of different communities, which has resulted in 20 different use cases across podcasting, artists, festivals, conferences and more. “Our target audience is non-crypto native communities interested in bringing their community into Web3 through a social token. This will further advance as Web3 develops.”

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Are crypto and blockchain safe for kids, or should greater measures be put in place?

Crypto is going mainstream, and the world’s younger generation, in particular, is taking note. Cryptocurrency exchange Crypto.com recently predicted that crypto users worldwide could reach 1 billion by the end of 2022. Further findings show that Millennials — those between the ages of 26 and 41 — are turning to digital asset investment to build wealth. For example, a study conducted in 2021 by personal loan company Stilt found that, according to its user data, more than 94% of people who own crypto were between 18 and 40.Keeping children safeWhile the increased interest in cryptocurrency is notable, some are raising concerns regarding the ways those under the age of 18 are interacting with digital assets. These challenges were highlighted in UNICEF’s recent “Prospects for children in 2022” report, which examines the impact that global trends may have on children, including concerns around the mainstream adoption of cryptocurrency.Melvin Breton Guerrero, policy specialist for UNICEF’s Office of Global Insight and Policy, told Cointelegraph that he wrote the section of the report on digital currencies. According to Guerrero, this portion of the document is highly relevant because the cryptocurrency industry is still developing and, therefore, requires child safeguards:“We need to take steps to prevent harm to children that could occur by third-parties engaging with cryptocurrency or from self-inflicted harm. As such, we need to prepare children under the age of 18 for a future where cryptocurrencies and blockchain applications are going to be a part of everyday life, just as the internet is.”Although there are no official safeguards in place for children when it comes to accessing crypto and blockchain applications, Guerrero explained that one of the most important factors to consider is age verification. “We need to make sure that minors are not wrongly engaging with blockchain applications or misusing cryptocurrencies,” he remarked.Given the anonymity of cryptocurrency transactions, Guerrero is aware that anyone can set up and access a cryptocurrency wallet. He added that some online cryptocurrency exchanges don’t question the age of their users. “A child can transact using various crypto wallets, and nothing can be done,” said Guerrero.While there are technically no age restrictions when it comes to crypto, most major cryptocurrency exchanges have Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements to ensure that users are 18 or older. For example, Coinbase’s website explicitly states that users must be 18 or older to access its services. Before this policy was implemented in July 2017, however, Coinbase did allow users who were at least 13 years of age to access its services with parental consent.It’s also interesting to note that the United States-based cryptocurrency exchange Gemini offers custodial accounts for minors. A company blog post published on Jan. 25 explains that the new service is powered by EarlyBird, a Gemini Frontier Fund portfolio company, and allows parents to invest in their children’s financial futures.Caleb Frankel, co-founder and chief operating officer of EarlyBird, told Cointelegraph that the offering is focused on providing access to digital assets so that parents can invest on behalf of their children:“Each account is held by a parent or guardian over the age of 18. We believe that crypto is part of a balanced modern portfolio and are prioritizing the education of families and the next generation of investors as digital asset markets mature.”Frankel added that EarlyBird is not only working with Gemini but also proactively with regulators as well to ensure the development of a safe, secure crypto ecosystem. While progress is still being made, Guerrero commented that it’s important to ensure new wallets are always created by someone of legal age. Even though children don’t initially create the wallets, Guerrero believes this is one solution to ensure they properly utilize crypto funds.Unfortunately, other challenges can also arise when children gain access to cryptocurrency. For instance, 2021 saw an increase in crypto scams, and children inexperienced in the sector are likely to be more vulnerable. Larry Cameron, chief information security officer of the Anti-Human Trafficking Intelligence Initiative (ATII) — an organization focused on combating human trafficking by monitoring cryptocurrency transactions — told Cointelegraph that there are many risks to consider when children dabble in cryptocurrency:“Namely, the scams and fake platforms are risks for minors. Online predators are experts at seeking out inexperienced people and exploiting them. Data breaches, identity theft or fraud can be accomplished in the child’s name without their knowledge. Children are also more likely to lose a private key, but this happens even to adults.”As such, Cameron believes that acquiring digital assets will make children a target for criminals. “Until crypto exchanges collectively add more verification and authentication measures when opening an account, children’s privacy will be at risk. Ideally, anyone under the age of 18 would need to provide documentation from their parents as permission to open an account,” he remarked.Is blockchain a double-edged sword?In addition to concerns around cryptocurrency, blockchain technology may also pose unintended consequences for minors. For instance, Guerrero explained that blockchain could be harmful to children because information recorded is permanent and immutable, and this immutability could conflict with current regulations:“The European Union’s ‘right to be forgotten’ appears in Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR. This means that children who volunteer their information when they don’t necessarily understand the consequences should have a right when they are of legal age to have that information deleted. But blockchain, by definition, does not permit the deletion of information. So, how can we protect children’s data in this case?”Moreover, Guerrero pointed out that while blockchain applications could help migrant children have a portable identity to access goods and services, they could also be leveraged as a form of surveillance. Given these concerns, he emphasized that there must be a balance when harnessing the benefits of blockchain technology: “Having this balance is important, and the blockchain and crypto community must keep this in mind when building new applications.”Fortunately, some organizations are making progress on this front. For example, while UNICEF has recognized the challenges associated with digital currency adoption and children, the organization is aware that blockchain technology can be used for good.Sunita Grote, lead of the ventures team for UNICEF’s Office of Innovation, told Cointelegraph that her office has been exploring the use of blockchain through its venture fund. “This fund provides seed funding to test open-source solutions that have the potential to accelerate results for children. Blockchain is one of the technology areas that we are exploring,” she said.Specifically, Grote believes that blockchain-based solutions allow organizations and individuals to rethink the way problems can be solved due to their enhanced transparency, efficiency in systems and better coordination of data across multiple parties. With this in mind, Grote understands the potential that blockchain can have when it comes to responding to the threats for children in the online environment. She shared that UNICEF’s venture fund recently invested in two startups developing open-source, AI-powered solutions to address digital risks to children.On the other hand, Grote also understands that blockchain could increase children’s exposure risk and harm online: “Being online can magnify traditional threats and harms that many children already face offline and can further increase vulnerabilities with online risks also present.”Calling on the blockchain community to protect childrenGiven the risks associated with crypto and blockchain in regard to minors, Guerrero mentioned that it’s up to the blockchain and crypto community to help ensure the well-being of children moving forward. “The blockchain and crypto community must use their deeper technical understanding to actively engage with the child rights community,” he remarked.As a solution, Guerrero thinks that blockchain applications should have built-in KYC requirements. This may be easier said than done, though, as he also believes that KYC remains an open question for crypto wallets and exchanges. Although KYC requirements may be challenging, Guerrero noted that having more educational tools will benefit the well-being of minors who are getting involved with crypto and blockchain. This may be a more realistic solution for the time being, as several educational initiatives are already underway.For example, in 2021, Gemini partnered with Learn & Earn,an app that teaches students about financial literacy while earning fiat rewards. In addition to initiatives from exchanges, some governments are taking it upon themselves to teach youth about crypto. Last year, Colombia funded a mobile app, board game and book designed to educate young people on investing in cryptocurrencies and the stock market.Other organizations are also developing additional educational projects. Aaron Kahler, founder and CEO of ATII, told Cointelegraph that ATII is hosting regular child safety training sessions and lectures on how to keep minors safe when engaging with digital assets and blockchain applications: “We are hosting a summit on the topic in May that will include a ‘dark webathon’ and child safety day. We are also bringing in folks from law enforcement and other organizations to speak about child safety.”

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Future of finance: US banks partner with crypto custodians

Grayscale Investments’ latestreport “Reimagining the Future of Finance” defines the digital economy as “the intersection of technology and finance that’s increasingly defined by digital spaces, experiences, and transactions.” With this in mind, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that many financial institutions have begun to offer services that allow clients access to Bitcoin (BTC) and other digital assets. Last year, in particular, saw an influx of financial institutions incorporating support for crypto-asset custody. For example, Bank of New York Mellon, or BNY Mellon, announced in February 2021 plans to hold, transfer and issue Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as an asset manager on behalf of its clients. Michael Demissie, head of digital assets and advanced solutions at BNY Mellon, told Cointelegraph that BNY Mellon had $46.7 trillion in assets under custody and/or administration and $2.4 trillion in assets under management as of December 31, 2021.Following in BNY Mellon’s footsteps, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA),stated in June 2021 that it would offer Bitcoin trading and custody services in Switzerland. Then in October of last year, U.S. Bank — the fifth-largest retail bank in the United States — announced the launch of its cryptocurrency custody service for institutional investors.Alex Tapscott, ​​managing director of Ninepoint Digital Asset Group, told Cointelegraph that United States banks have been scrambling to launch crypto asset custody since 2020. “Crypto assets are a $2 trillion asset class and crypto-asset custody is a big business.” Tapscott added that last year was a turning point for many financial institutions, noting that on July 22, 2020, the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, wrote aletter granting permission to federally chartered banks to provide custody services for cryptocurrency. As a result, many traditional banks began to incorporate crypto custody services in 2021.Next stepsWhile notable, it’s also important to point out that traditional banks have started working closely with crypto custodians and sub-custodians to introduce custody for digital assets.Ramine Bigdeliazari, director of product management for Fidelity Digital Assets, told Cointelegraph that given the growing demand from customers, the exploration of crypto solutions through custodial relationships with digital asset service providers is a natural next step for traditional financial institutions. He said:“While there are a handful of ways that banks could enter the digital asset market, like building an end-to-end solution or acquiring existing providers, sub-custodial relationships with existing and trusted service providers could provide a superior alternative that allows for a quick and proven path to market to meet clients’ needs.”Bigdeliazari explained that Fidelity Digital Assets provides sub-custody services to client firms including banks who, in turn, interface with their customers. “These engagements showcase the potential for digital assets sub-custody to allow institutions to provide their customers access to digital assets through the same interface and experience they use to access other asset classes without having to build any infrastructure.”To put this in perspective, New York Digital Investment Group (NYDIG) is a sub-custodian that has partnered with U.S. Bank to provide its “Global Fund Services” customers with a Bitcoin custody solution.The partnership between traditional banks and sub-custodians is an important one. For instance, Tapscott explained that while crypto asset custody is a big opportunity, it’s not without risk for banks. “Securely storing private keys can be the difference between a satisfied customer and money in the bank or a class action lawsuit and handcuffs. So, naturally, a lot of big banks prefer to partner with firms that already have that industry expertise,” he said.This has indeed become the case. Kelly Brewster, chief marketing officer at NYDIG, told Cointelegraph that while U.S. Bank is among NYDIG’s most prominent banking partners, it’s far from the only one. “NYDIG has already partnered with more than 35 banks and credit unions to bring Bitcoin to Main Street,” she remarked.While sub-custodians are helping traditional financial institutions participate in the digital assets ecosystem, Tapscott said that crypto custodians like Gemini and Coinbase also play an important role. For instance, Tapscott mentioned that he expects “white label” solutions to be the preferred choice for traditional banks looking to develop their own crypto custody offerings. “Banks will eventually brand custody solutions as their own, which will be powered by Gemini, Anchorage, BitGo or some other established crypto custodian,” he explained.Moreover, digital asset infrastructure providers are also helping bridge the gap between traditional banks and the world of crypto. For example, Fireblocks has partnered with BNY Mellon to enable its digital asset custody solution. Stephen Richards, vice president and head of product strategy and business solutions at Fireblocks, told Cointelegraph that BNY Mellon is using Fireblocks’ technology stack, along with other internal components, to enable customers to hold digital assets.Demissie elaborated that BNY Mellon is building its own digital assets custody platform enabled by technology investments the bank has made in the space. For instance,BNY Mellon made a Series C investment in Fireblocks in March 2021. “Our digital asset custody platform is currently under development and testing, and we plan to bring it to market this year pending regulatory approvals,” Demissie stated, adding that BNY Mellon is currently providing fund services for digital asset-linked products including those from Grayscale Investments, the world’s largest digital asset manager. “We also service 17 of 18 active cryptocurrency funds in Canada.”Will big banks threaten crypto’s decentralization?According to Demissie, digital assets are here to stay, as he believes they are increasingly becoming part of the mainstream. “Our clients expect BNY Mellon, as their trusted service provider, to extend our core services to this emerging asset class,” he said. Yet, while incorporating digital assets within traditional finance may be a big step for the crypto ecosystem, some may wonder ifbig banks will threaten the decentralized nature of crypto assets.Although this is a relevant concern, Tapscott pointed out that many institutional and retail holders of crypto assets prefer to store assets with custodians. “Whether it’s a crypto-native custodian like Gemini or a big bank is irrelevant. Your keys will be held by someone else.” However, Tapscott remarked that this notion doesn’t prevent millions of other crypto holders from being their own bank and storing coins in hardware wallets.Further shedding light on the matter, Anthony Woolley, head of business development at market digitalization firm Ownera, told Cointelegraph that regulation invariably requires an entity, such as a transfer agent, to be accountable for the record of ownership of any security. As such, Woolley does not believe that digital securities can ever be fully decentralized while being regulatory compliant.However, Woolley suggested that it may be possible to conceive of a world where regulated digital securities are transacted peer-to-peer with instant payment, transfer of ownership and settlement. “We believe that this is the type of decentralization that investors and society as a whole needs.”Bottom line: Banks must work with crypto custodians Concerns aside, the rising demand for digital assets from institutional investors will result in traditional financial institutions working hand-in-hand with crypto custodians and service providers.Matt Zhang, a former trading executive at the global bank Citi and founder of Hivemind Capital Partners — a $1.5 billion multistrategy fund designed to help “institutionalize crypto investing” — told Cointelegraph that banks have a much higher regulatory bar to develop when it comes to new products and services, and crypto custody is one of the most complex of all:“That said, the client demand is there so banks need to find ways to partner up with sub-custodians to package the service in the short term while figuring out the road map to develop it in house. Certain banks are definitely ahead of the others but, as an industry, Wall Street is playing a catch up game right now coming into crypto custody.”To Zhang’s point, research from NYDIG’s Bitcoin + Bankingsurvey released last year found that customers and clients would prefer to access Bitcoin via an offering through their current bank that is consistent with existing standards of quality and risk management. NYDIG’s findings also show that 71% of Bitcoin holders would switch their primary bank to one that offers Bitcoin-related products and services. “Banks that aren’t preparing to offer these products and services risk getting left behind,” said Brewster.More specifically, Zhang added that overall he thinks that many major banks will offer access to crypto assets, making the space competitive. As such, he believes that leading financial institutions will be those who can offer a vertically integrated product offering. “Think trading, lending, prime, custody and banking, rather than just custody on a standalone basis.” 

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