Autor Cointelegraph By Martin Young

Layer 2 address activity slows, but Arbitrum bucks the trend

On-chain activity for the leading Layer 2 networks has been declining recently, however, the Arbitrum platform is bucking the trend according to recent findings.Blockchain analytics firm Nansen has reported that seven-day activity in terms of addresses for many of the leading networks has been in decline. Only the Ethereum L2 scaling network Arbitrum has shown gains for this metric.According to its Feb. 28 tweet, Arbitrum activity has increased by 12.7% over the past week. It reported that the network has had 46,200 unique active addresses over the past seven days.In the last 7 days, all but Arbitrum’s (+12.7%) on-chain activities have slowed down:#BNB Chain 4.03M#Ethereum 1.99M#Ronin 1.09M#Polygon 854k#Avalanche 269k#Fantom 204k#Arbitrum 46.2k#Celo 29.4k#Optimism 9.52kCheck out their public dashboard links in the pic.twitter.com/BlxkNG35rh— NansΞn (@nansen_ai) February 28, 2022Although the figure is far lower than other chains, it is the only one to have shown an increase in activity for the period. Layer two analytics platform L2beat is reporting that Arbitrum is still the industry leader in terms of total value locked which is just over $3 billion giving it a market share of 54.9%. Defillama reports that the most popular protocol running on the network is the SushiSwap DEX but it also notes a higher TVL figure of just over $4 billion for the Polygon network. Collateral locked on Arbitrum has crept up over the past few days, increasing 5.7% since Feb. 25. Conversely, rival layer two network Optimism has seen a decline in TVL over the same period. Optimism has an 8% L2 market share with a total value locked of $444 million, and address activity has fallen by 17.9% over the past week according to Nansen.Other layer two platforms such as Polygon have also seen declines in terms of activity as reported by Nansen. Polygon has slowed by 10.9% in terms of seven-day active addresses and TVL on the network has fallen 15% over the past fortnight according to DeFillama.Nansen also reported weekly address activity declines of 2.7% and 2.9% for Binance Smart Chain and Ethereum respectively.Related: Blockchain analytics service Nansen to incorporate DeFi protocol ArbitrumThe fall in on-chain activity is likely to be related to cooling demand for decentralized finance (DeFi) as crypto markets have retreated this year. DeFiLlama currently reports that TVL for all listed DeFi platforms is down almost 19% from its all-time high in late November. However, it should be noted that this is likely due to a decline in the prices of underlying assets which has been far steeper than the DeFi TVL drop.It should also be noted that there are large discrepancies in the TVL metric between different analytics platforms (DeFillama and L2beat in this case) so figures should be taken with a pinch of salt. Other indicators supporting the trend include a plateau in the supply of wrapped Bitcoin (wBTC) which is also widely used on DeFi platforms.

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NY stock exchange owner ICE buys stake in tZero security token platform

The Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) has announced a strategic investment in private digital securities marketplace and crypto asset liquidity platform tZero.ICE, which owns and operates 12 global exchanges including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), made the announcement on Feb. 22, however, there was no mention of the terms or details of the investment other than ICE becoming a “significant minority shareholder” in tZero.It did state that as part of the investment, ICE’s Chief Strategy Officer David Goone will join tZero as its new CEO serving on the board of directors.tZero operates a blockchain-based alternative trading system (ATS) upon which companies can list tokenized versions of their stocks. The firm is fully regulated with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and acts as a broker-dealer in the digital asset space, also offering a number of cryptocurrencies. The platform only offers a handful of tokenized stocks at the moment, one of which is early investor Overstock under the ticker OSTKO.The platform’s target market is financial firms and investors seeking access to a digital marketplace and unique private assets and equities such as cryptocurrencies and nonfungible tokens (NFTs).ICE founder, Chairman, and CEO, Jeff Sprecher, commented on Goone’s appointment stating that he has been a “steward of our problem-solving culture,” before adding:“David’s leadership and his mastery of trading, data, and clearing technology will be a big asset as tZERO begins its next chapter leading the growth and adoption of next-generation market infrastructure.”Goone, who has been with ICE since 2001, brings a lot of experience to the table having developed and managed many of ICE’s product lines during his tenure.ICE is a Fortune 500 firm and leader of global exchanges and clearinghouses that provide financial technology and data services across major asset classes.tZero got off to a rocky start following its security token offering (STO) and numerous investments in 2020. At the time, the fledgling security token platform was still losing money, though this latest investment could provide access to new markets for tZero. Related: Intercontinental Exchange sells Coinbase stake for $1.2 billionAs reported by Cointelegraph on Feb. 15, the NYSE is showing a greater interest in the digital asset space as it filed a patent application for a number of crypto and blockchain-related products and services. These include an online marketplace for trading crypto assets, NFTs, and Metaverse technology such as augmented reality software.

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On-chain metrics hint at a bearish outlook for Bitcoin

Blockchain analytics provider Glassnode has depicted a bearish scenario for Bitcoin as on-chain metrics suggest increased selling pressure is imminent.In its weekly analytics report on Feb. 21, on-chain metrics firm Glassnode said that Bitcoin bulls “face a number of headwinds,” referring to increasingly bearish network data.The researchers pointed at the general weakness in mainstream markets alongside wider geopolitical issues as the reason for the current risk-off sentiment for crypto assets.“Weakness in both Bitcoin, and traditional markets, reflects the persistent risk and uncertainty associated with Fed rate hikes expected in March, fears of conflict in Ukraine, as well as growing civil unrest in Canada and elsewhere.”It added that as the downtrend deepens, “the probability of a more sustained bear market can also be expected to increase.” Bitcoin is currently trading down 47% from its November all-time high and has been down-trending for the past 15 weeks.A lack of on-chain activity is one of the distinct signals of a bearish Bitcoin market. The number of active addresses or entities is currently at the lower bound of the bear market channel which depicts on-chain activity during periods of sideways or down trending markets, suggesting a decrease in demand and interest.Active on-chain entities: GlassnodeGlassnode reported that around 219,000 addresses have been emptied over the past month suggesting that it could be the beginning of a period of outflows of users from the network.It calculated a short-term holder realized price on an aggregate cost basis which worked out at $47,200 meaning that the average loss at current prices is around 22% for those still holding the asset. “The longer that investors are underwater on their position, and the further they fall into an unrealized loss, the more likely those held coins will be spent and sold.”There were several other measurements of long and short-term on-chain positions culminating in the conclusion that there is a total of 4.7 million BTC currently underwater. More than half of it, or 54.5% is held by short-term holders (less than 155 days), “whom are statistically more likely to spend it,” it added.Related: ‘Coin days destroyed’ spike hinting at BTC price bottom? 5 things to watch in Bitcoin this weekCrypto Twitter has also been awash with bearish sentiment over the past few days and the Bitcoin Fear and Greed Index is currently registering a 20 — “extreme fear”.Not everything will last in crypto.Quick thoughts on the fallout of a bear market:— Jason Choi (@mrjasonchoi) February 21, 2022At the time of writing, BTC prices had fallen 6% over the past 24 hours to trade at $36,738 according to CoinGecko. Bitcoin is now priced very close to its lowest level of 2022, which was just over $35,000 on Jan. 23.On the positive side, on Feb. 19 Cointelegraph reported that the inactive Bitcoin supply is nearing record levels with more than 60% of BTC remaining unspent for at least a year. 3AC co-founder Zhu Su commented that many people that bought BTC in 2017 and 2018 are still hodling, adding “Anecdotally many of these ppl are staying humble this time and buying every month regardless of what else is happening.”

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Overwhelming support for Grayscale BTC Trust ETF conversion proposal

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has allowed comments and feedback on a proposed rule change that would convert Grayscale’s Bitcoin Trust to a spot-based exchange-traded fund (ETF).A notice of filing a proposed rule change to list and trade shares of Grayscale Bitcoin Trust as a spot-based ETF has generated a long list of comments with a large majority in approval.Bloomberg’s senior ETF analyst Eric Balchunas had a look through some of the more recent comments on Feb. 15 observing that 95% are in favor of the proposed conversion.Just glancing through the many comments from ppl to the SEC re converting $GBTC to an ETF and 95% are in favor of it and most using real names and pointing to the stupefying fact that futures ETF ok but spot not. eg: pic.twitter.com/j15iNYnh8R— Eric Balchunas (@EricBalchunas) February 14, 2022Several respondents to the SEC proposal argued that the regulator had already approved futures-based exchange-traded products so a spot-based product should logically come next. The U.S. risks falling behind other countries such as Canada which has already approved such investment products, others added.A spot-based fund would be physically backed by the asset itself as opposed to backing by futures contracts from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) which is how existing Bitcoin ETFs operate.Another comment pointed out that the current fund creates arbitrage opportunities that can take advantage of retail traders.“The current structure of the closed end fund has led to price of the fund trading at a premium and discount to net asset value which has created arbitrage opportunities for more sophisticated traders to take advantage of unsuspecting retail investors.”Grayscale’s Bitcoin Trust has been trading at a massive discount in recent months as investors speculate and hedge on the ETF being approved by the SEC. At the time of writing, the fund was trading at a discount of 24.75% according to Ycharts. This means that with BTC currently priced at around $43,600, the discounted fund price would be equivalent to around $32,500.One investor said that he invested his life savings into the fund and is tired of the SEC trying to protect people, adding that the regulator is just out to “help the rich.” The financial regulator has repeatedly cited a lack of investor protection as a reason for delaying or rejecting crypto-based investment products. Related: First US Bitcoin ETF a ‘dud’ in 2021 as GBTC discount stays near record lowsGrayscale originally hinted at converting the world’s largest BTC fund into a spot ETF in October. On Feb. 4, the SEC delayed the decision on the conversion of the $37 billion GBTC fund citing the same familiar concerns regarding manipulation, liquidity, and transparency.

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AssangeDAO raises $38M in donations to help free WikiLeaks founder

A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) set up to support the liberation of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange from prison has raised 12,569 ETH or around $38.8 million at current prices.Assange is currently fighting extradition to the United States following a court ruling in December that overruled a British court ruling barring extradition. He is currently locked up in a London prison where he has been since 2019. Donations started rolling in on Feb. 4 according to JuiceBox, the community funding platform hosting the campaign. Funding accelerated over the weekend, doubling over the past 24 hours to the current level.According to the AssangeDAO Twitter feed, it is now the largest JuiceBox Ethereum raise in history, exceeding that of ConstitutionDAO which raised funds in November to purchase an original copy of the United States Constitution.AssangeDAO is now the largest JuiceBox DAO raise in History exceeding that of ConstitutionDAO.Congrats everyone this seriously exceeded our wildest expectations!#FreeAssangeNOW pic.twitter.com/MqhZv6CWTK— AssangeDAO (@AssangeDAO) February 6, 2022The comparison has been made in ETH terms, which was priced much higher in November. Back then, the dollar value raised by ConstitutionDAO was around $49 million.AssangeDAO is described as a “collective of cypherpunks” aiming to raise ETH in return for JUSTICE governance tokens. These will be used to bid on a NFT collection called “Censored” by digital artist Pak in collaboration with Julian Assange.The proceeds from the sale will go towards Assange’s defense fund for “legal fees and campaigning to raise awareness about Julian’s extradition case.”The @AssangeDAO has now broken US $30 million barrier in less than 3 days for its fundraising which will go to defend #WikiLeaks publisher Julian Assange – facing a 175 year sentence for revealing war crimesContribute: https://t.co/LKIU3AbzL2Info: https://t.co/W5eQ2x8PYd pic.twitter.com/O1PE0OzZdB— WikiLeaks (@wikileaks) February 6, 2022

The genesis of AssangeDAO began in a Telegram group in mid-December on the day that the U.S. government won its appeal of a U.K. court ruling that barred Assange’s extradition. The official website states “if extradited to the United States, Assange faces 175 years in prison for publishing truthful information.”The concept was inspired by the FreeRossDAO which raised $12 million to free Ross Ulbricht, founder of the dark web marketplace Silk Road.Related: Top secret Julian Assange and Pak NFT collaboration is wikileakedJulian Assange has been held in London’s Belmarsh prison where he has been for the past 3 years. He had previously spent almost seven years holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London, protected by asylum status.

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