Autor Cointelegraph By David Attlee

Indonesian e-commerce giant buys local crypto exchange for $8 million

Indonesian tech company PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk (GoTo) bought PT Kripto Maksima Koin, a local crypto exchange, in a bid to diversify its assets. The deal makes a landmark in the merging of mainstream and crypto in the fourth most populated country in the world. As reported by Reuters, the sum of the acquisition of 100% shares by the country’s “biggest tech firm” came to 124.84 billion rupiahs ($8.38 million). The deal was finalized on Aug. 25, according to Indonesian media. GoTo didn’t reveal any specific plans for PT Kripto Maksima Koin’s further development, but in an official statement, its representatives explained a deal as part of its effort to “a diverse money management hub.”PT Kripto Maksima Koin is one of the 25 crypto platforms licensed by Indonesia’s Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (BAPPEBTI). It received the license relatively recently, on Jan. 28, 2022. Earlier this year, GoTo, which had been formed as a result of a merge between a local e-commerce leader and an on-demand multi-service platform, conducted its initial public offering (IPO), raising $1.1 billion. Related: Mastercard partners with crypto gateway to drive financial inclusion in IndonesiaAccording to Reuters data, in 2021 total transaction volume of the crypto assets in Indonesia rose more than 1,000% compared to 2020, to 859.4 trillion rupiahs ($57.7 billion). Roughly 4% of the country’s population, which is a little under 11 million people, have been investing in crypto. In recent years, the country saw a rising tide of celebrity coins and non-fungible token (NFT) projects, with regulators’ having to weigh in in a mild manner — BAPPEBTI has been repeatedly warning the population about the risks of investing in non-registered digital assets, but at the same time, it got along without harsh prosecution, involving even the non-registered providers in a dialogue. 

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Australian regulators rattle their saber as adoption takes a major leap: Law Decoded, Aug. 22-29

Australia’s financial regulator, Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), has pledged to put crypto assets and decentralized finance (DeFi) firmly in its sights over the next four years. The regulator intends to focus on “digitally enabled misconducts” and to protect investors “from harms posed by crypto-assets.” Given the ASIC’s history of anti-crypto sentiments, such an announcement could be perceived as hostile, but at least it contains a promise to implement some regulatory framework that is still absent. And, it is hardly a coincidence that the announcement came only days after Australia’s new ruling government announced plans to move forward with regulation of the crypto sector by conducting a “token mapping” exercise by the end of the year.At the same time, Australia’s Northern Territory Racing Commission (NTRC) is preparing to adopt cryptocurrencies as a wagering option. The NTRC has sent a private document out to licensees, which seeks input and feedback on what the regulatory landscape could look like to get crypto wagering off the ground in the Northern Territory. Should this go according to plan in the Northern Territory, other state gambling regulators would likely follow. No ‘free coins’ without taxation in South KoreaThe South Korean Ministry of Strategy and Finance cleared that virtual asset airdrops, staking rewards, and hard forked tokens would be subject to a gift tax under the Inheritance and Gift Tax Act despite the postponement of crypto gains tax to 2025. Any free virtual asset transfer by crypto exchanges in the form of airdrops, staking rewards and hard-forked tokens would attract a gift tax, which will be “levied on the third party to whom the virtual asset is transferred free of charge.”Continue readingMakerDAO has no choice but to prepare to free-float Dai MakerDAO co-founder Rune Christensen reached out to the community explaining why free-floating Dai (DAI) may be the only choice for the decentralized autonomous organization. “Physical crackdown against crypto can occur with no advance notice and with no possibility of recovery even for legitimate innocent users. This violates two core assumptions that we used to understand RWA risk, making the authoritarian threat a lot more serious,” he stated. Continue readingEthereum community splits over solutions for transaction censorshipIn the wake of the United States government sanctions on Tornado Cash-linked addresses, the Ethereum community gets divided over how to best respond to the threat of protocol-level transaction censorship. Over the last week, Ethereum community members have proposed social slashing or even a user-activated soft fork as possible responses to transaction-level censorship on Ethereum, with some calling it a “trap” that will do more harm than good and others stating its necessary to provide “credible neutrality and censorship resistance properties” on Ethereum. The heated debate comes after Ethereum miner Ethermine elected not to process transactions from the now U.S.-sanctioned Ethereum-based privacy tool Tornado Cash.Continue reading

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Amendments to US commercial code differentiate crypto and ‘electronic money’

A joint committee of the United States’s Uniform Law Commission (ULC) and the American Law Institute (ALI) finalized amendments to the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), regulating the specifics of digital asset transactions and crypto-as-collateral secured financings. The amendments are “recommended for enactment in all the States,” although each case of final implementation may vary depending on the State. A final draft of the ULC-ALI Emerging Technologies Committee’s amendments to the UCC was approved during a meeting on July 8–13. The key updates for the crypto industry appeared in Articles 3 and 9, the new Article 12 contains a set of relevant details as well. The amendments introduce a concept of “controllable electronic records,” which would cover not only the existing blockchain-backed asset but all future kinds of digital assets as well. Being defined as a “record stored in an electronic medium,” the controllable electronic records incorporate cryptocurrencies and nonfungible tokens (NFTs), but are separated from the category of “electronic money”.Related: Optimism fading? Regulatory discussion on stablecoins postponed until fall“Electronic money” is included in the revised category of “money” and signifies fiat digital currencies. Thus, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) could be considered “electronic money” under the new guidelines, while cryptocurrencies could not. As analysts at JD Supra emphasized, in a practical sense this differentiation means that “perfection of a security interest in CBDC can only be achieved via the lender’s ‘control’ of the CBDC.” The amendments also specify that in order to be first-priority perfected in cryptocurrency collateral, a lender will have to acquire its borrower’s private key and transfer the crypto to a wallet the lender (or custodian) solely controls. The ETC was formed within the framework of the ULC in 2019 to address legal questions of cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other emerging digital assets. The UCC is a set of model laws adopted in their entirety by nearly all U.S. states to facilitate interstate trade. Therefore, the changes are likely to be accepted throughout the country eventually.In March 2022 the New Hampshire House of Representatives passed a bill to adopt the new version of Chapter 12 of the UCC which will govern transfers of digital assets.

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Iran Import Association demands regulatory clarity to use crypto in foreign trade

In the aftermath of the first officially reported crypto payment in the sanctioned country’s foreign trade, Iran’s importers point to the necessity of stable regulations to continue trade via cryptocurrencies. On Saturday local reports cited the head of Iran’s Importers Group and Representatives of Foreign Companies (Import Association), Alireza Managhebi, who emphasized that stable regulations and infrastructure should be prepared to be able to successfully use cryptocurrencies for imports: “The question is, has the government developed consistent regulations for the cryptocurrency uses so that they will not change within two months and the businessmen active in this field will not be harmed?”Managhebi also doubted the belief that the official use of cryptocurrencies for imports might end the dollar dominance in the Iranian market and reminded of a possible threat — the new payment method may lead to the emergence of rent-seeking business groups. Related: Iranian government to cut power supply for the country’s legal crypto mining rigsOn Aug. 10, Iran placed its first international import order using $10 million worth of cryptocurrency. While the official did not disclose any details about the cryptocurrency used or the imported goods involved, Peyman-Pak said that the $10 million order represents the first of many international trades to be settled with crypto. The Islamic nation has been positioned to embrace cryptocurrencies as early as 2017. In October 2020, it amended previously issued legislation to allow cryptocurrency to be used for funding imports.In June 2021, the Iranian Trade Ministry issued 30 operating licenses to Irani miners to mine cryptocurrencies, which then must be sold to Iran’s central bank. Iran is now using those mined coins for import payments.

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Fed teases master accounts for crypto banks: Law Decoded, Aug. 15-22

Last week, the United States Federal Reserve Board turned its eye to banks and crypto, making (or promising to make) several clarifications, one of them pretty long-awaited. It announced that the final version of guidelines for reserve banks to access Reserve Bank master accounts and services is ready. For crypto, these guidelines hold a prospect of “the most stringent review,” to which non-federally insured institutions that do not have a holding company subject to Fed oversight would be exposed. It is still unclear whether the crypto banks will finally get access to master accounts under the new guidelines and how long they shall wait for it. At the same time, the Fed made itself clear that the traditional banks that intend to deal with crypto assets couldn’t do it without a closer consultation with regulators. Before taking such a decision, it is recommended to check state and federal laws and notify the Fed supervisory contacts in advance. European Central Bank steps up to crypto licensing discussion It was not only the U.S. financial regulator that had a busy last week. The ECB laid the foundation for the criteria it would be considering when harmonizing the licensing requirements for crypto in Europe. Specifically, it will consider crypto firms’ business models, internal governance and “fit and proper” assessments which apply to licensing other companies. In addition, it will rely on national Anti-Money Laundering (AML) authorities and the financial intelligence units of respective countries to provide data necessary to assess potential risks.Continue readingA cease and desist letter for FTX The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has issued cease and desist letters to five companies — FTX US, SmartAssets, FDICCrypto, Cryptonews and Cryptosec — for allegedly making false representations about deposit insurance related to cryptocurrencies. The agency alleges that these organizations misled the public about certain cryptocurrency-related products being insured by FDIC and urges them to “take immediate corrective action to address these false or misleading statements.”Continue readingColombia hopes to prevent tax evasion with national digital currencyThe head of the Colombian Tax and Customs National Authority, Luis Carlos Reyes, claimed that the government would seek to create a digital currency to prevent illicit financial activity like tax evasion. However, the official did not specify what kind of digital currency exactly the Colombian government will be looking to launch, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or rather an asset-backed national currency similar to Venezuela’s Petro digital currency project.Continue readingCBDCs are “the only solution” Continue reading The introduction of digital cash in the form of CBDCs appears to be the “only solution” that will guarantee a “smooth continuation” of the current monetary system. At least, that is what the ECB experts believe, gathering insights from 150 academic papers on the subject. The importance of central banks achieving the right level of CBDC “take-up” is stressed, and the authors also looked at potential regulatory action that could help CBDCs achieve their goals. Previously, the central bank compared the cross-border payment potential of CBDC, Bitcoin and stablecoin, coming out in favor of CBDC.

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