Autor Cointelegraph By Brian Quarmby

Solana reportedly hit by DDoS attack but network remains online

Solana’s blockchain performance was reportedly hit by a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack over the past 24 hours, however the network appears to have remained online throughout.A DDoS attack generally refers to a large number of coordinated devices, or a botnet overwhelming a network with fake traffic to take it offline. This wouldn’t be the first time Solana has suffered this issue, with Cointelegraph reporting in September that the network suffered a 17-hour-outage due to mass botting activity for an initial DEX offering (IDO) on Solana-based DEX platform Raydium. The latest DDoS attack was highlighted by Solana-based NFT platform Blockasset on Dec. 9 around 3 pm UTC, after it noted that: “We are aware tokens are taking a long time to distribute. The Solana chain is being overloaded with DDoS attacks which have clogged the network causing delays.”Solana-focused infrastructure firm GenesysGo also reported on the matter, stating that the validator network was experiencing issues with processing transaction requests, but called for calm as it attributed the problem to “growing pains.”The #Solana validator network is experiencing issues this morning. TPS issues as the network works to process txn requests. Remember, this is blockchain If your txn ID went through then it’s not lost, just pending. Growing pains is all! pic.twitter.com/2Zfagq092M— GenesysGo.sol – Shadowy Super Coder DAO (@GenesysGo) December 9, 2021At this stage, the nature of the incident is unclear as Solana Foundation is yet to publicly confirm any attacks, while Status.Solana shows that the network has not suffered any outages and is fully operational at the time of writing. However multiple accounts on Twitter asserted that Solana suffered a global outage, with Verbit CEO Roy Murphy (and BSV proponent) stating that “Solana crashed again and is currently offline. Engineers are looking into ‘rebooting the system.’ Seriously, you can’t make this shit up!”. Earlier today members of the r/Solana subreddit attributed the network clogging to another IDO launch on Raydium, with user “u/Psilodelic” writing a post titled “Why do Raydium IDOs clog the Solana network and what is being done about this?”.“My biggest concern about Solana right now is the performance impact during high volume activity connected to Raydium IDOs and launches. Literally every single performance issue in the past 6 months, including the 17-hour outage, has been a result of a launch on Raydium,” they wrote. Related: Decentralized and scalable exchange leverages Solana for an improved trader experienceIn response, one of the group’s moderators “Laine_sa” didn’t explicitly confirm if the Solana’s network’s issues were once again Raydium related, but did note there have been concerted “stop gaps” put in place to keep Solana online since the DDoS attack from September:“Right now there’s a stop-gap in place that prioritizes vote transactions to prevent a full crash, there are additional changes to compute limits and fees relating to this in the works but it’s not a quick fix that can be rolled out in a few weeks which is why it’s taking time. It’s being looked at however.” Cointelegraph has reached out to multiple Solana developers for comment on the DDoS attack, and will update the story if they respond. According to data from Coingecko, the price of Solana (SOL) has dipped 6.4% over the past 24 hours to sit at $182.79 at the time of writing. Amid a pullback across most of the top crypto assets, SOL has fallen 26.1% over the past 30 days.

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Bitcoin hash rate returns to all-time high levels

The global hash rate of the Bitcoin network tanked to as low as 84 exahashes per second (EH/s) at the start of June following the Chinese government’s crackdown on the crypto mining sector.According to Blockchain.com, the global hash rate has increased by 108% since June, with the Bitcoin network performing at a rolling seven-day average of 175 EH/s as of Wednesday. The figure is roughly 3% shy of peak levels of 180 EH/s seen at the height of the previous bull cycle in May. It is a commonly held belief that the trends in hash rate correspond with the price of Bitcoin (BTC), suggesting that there may be some positive price action on the horizon despite the overall gloomy sentiments in the market at the moment. Bitcoin’s total hash rate. Source: Blockchain.comThe actuality of the global hash rate ATH is hard to determine, however, as a lot of popular platforms differ in their estimates of the history and current performance of the Bitcoin network. According to data from BitInfoCharts, the ATH in May hit 197 EH/s before dropping to the 68 EH/s mark in June. As of Wednesday, the platform had Bitcoin’s hash rate at 191 EH/s, while YCharts has the current performance at 186 EH/s. Prior to the ban, China-based Bitcoin miners accounted for a whopping 70% of the global hash rate. The landscape has shifted dramatically since then, with the United States becoming the nation that accounts for the majority of Bitcoin’s hash rate at 42%, per estimates from the University of Cambridge’s Bitcoin Electricity Consumption index.

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Australian Reserve Bank’s ‘Project Atom’ CBDC research finds numerous benefits

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) published a report into its two-year research project into wholesale central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) that emphasized the benefits of digitizing and autonomizing manual, paper-based banking processes using distributed ledger technology (DLT). The report marks the conclusion of the two-year project named “Project Atom” that was conducted in partnership with the Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA), National Australia Bank (NAB), Perpetual, and ConsenSys, along with additional input from King & Wood Mallesons. Commenting on Project Atom, RBA’s assistant governor (Financial System) Michele Bullock noted that it “demonstrated the potential for a wholesale CBDC and asset tokenization to improve efficiency, risk management and innovation in wholesale financial market transactions.” A wholesale CBDC refers to a central bank issued digital currency that is designed for the settlement of interbank transfers and transactions between financial institutions, as opposed to a retail CBDC that is intended for public use. The CBDC research was published on Dec. 8, the same day Treasurer and Deputy Liberal leader Josh Frydenberg unveiled an ambitious “payments and crypto reform plan” for fintech and crypto regulation in Australia. The government has indicated it is in favor of at least six crypto reform proposals recommended by a Senate Committee, and is investigating others.Too slow? We’re on a rocket ship ride. Hold on tight. https://t.co/meuqgKjp3h— Steve Vallas (@stevevallas) December 8, 2021The project consisted of a proof-of-concept (POC) for the issuance of a “tokenized form of CBDC” that could be utilized in a digitized wholesale syndicated loan market. The testing took place on an Ethereum-based distributed ledger technology (DLT) platform. The report found that a wholesale CBDC backed by DLT technology could significantly increase efficiency and reduce operational risk by “replacing highly manual and paper-based processes related to the origination and servicing” of data, transactions, loan payments and settlements to name a few. Some issues that the RBA highlighted however, concerned “transaction privacy, finality, throughput and efficiency” of CBDC and DLT usage particularly related to blockchains that are not designed for wholesale purposes. The POC experimented with a two-tier model for the issuance and distribution of a CBDC, wherein the RBA issued the digital currency to the commercial banks and then the banks opened up availability to “eligible wholesale market participants that they sponsor onto the platform.”Related: Reserve Bank warns Aussies over punting on ‘fad driven’ cryptocurrenciesThe RBA said that it has explored the concept of CBDCs since 2018 —despite playing down its importance on multiple occasions — but has gradually ramped up its focus on a digital currency since 2020 amid growing interest from governments across the globe, citing China in particular who has already rolled out numerous public trials of the digital yuan. Bullock outlined that the RBA “will continue its research on CBDCs as part of its strategic focus area on supporting the evolution of payments.”Speaking with the Australian Financial Review on Dec. 8, Sophie Gilder, the CBA’s head of blockchain and digital assets emphasized the “high-level benefits” of using a CBDC, noting that an interoperable register and payments system could provide greater transparency for payments, data and auditing: “I think of it as ‘operational alpha’: greater efficiency and greater transparency, which means you don’t have to separately audit and report on activities, and you can have better AML [anti money laundering] procedures because you have a real-time check.”“That would be beneficial for the economy and make it easier for regulators to do their job, while the programmability would be a giant leap forward and highly beneficial,” she added.

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Australian government gives nod to 6 world leading crypto reforms

The Australian government is seriously consider the rollout of central bank digital currency (CBDC) and has backed numerous forward-looking regulatory crypto-proposals as part of a new “payments and crypto reform plan.”Treasurer Josh Frydenberg says the reforms “will firmly place Australia among a handful of lead countries in the world.”The reform plan is said to be the biggest shake-up of the Australian payments system since the 1990s, with part of the crypto-related groundwork set by the innovative proposals put forward by an Australian Senate Committee in September. According to the Australian Financial Review, the government is in favor of six out of nine reforms proposed by the Senate Committee, including a licensing regime for crypto exchanges, laws to govern decentralized autonomous organizations and a common access regime for new payments platforms. Two proposals relating to tax and financial compliance have been referred to their respective government bodies for consideration, while the government has knocked back another proposal related to renewable energy Bitcoin mining tax discounts. MD @ChloeWhiteAus quoted in the AFR on crypto regulation. The article includes a helpful summary table of the Government’s response to recent crypto proposals, signalling the path forward on regulation in Australia See more: https://t.co/q9ZLuf4r4b pic.twitter.com/ZxmiwoDdjQ— Genesis Block Advisory (@GenesisBlockAus) December 7, 2021Treasurer and deputy leader of the Liberal Party Josh Frydenberg outlined the government’s plans for crypto regulation, taxation and CBDCs in a speech today at the Australia-Israel Chamber of Commerce (AICC). “What is clear is that if we embrace these developments, Australia has an enormous opportunity to capitalize on the convergence between finance and technology,” he said. Concerning CBDCs, an unnamed senior government source told The Australian on Dec. 7 that a retail scale “RBA [Reserve Bank of Australia] backed Bitcoin or cryptocurrency” is currently being considered, and will be a key element of the government’s regulatory reform on digital payments. During his AICC speech, Frydenberg spoke bullishly on the crypto asset reform:“For businesses, these reforms will address the ambiguity that can exist about the regulatory and tax treatment of crypto assets and new payment methods. In doing so, it will drive even more consumer interest, facilitate even more new entrants and enable even more innovation to take place.” “For consumers, these changes will establish a regulatory framework to underpin their growing use of crypto assets and clarify the treatment of new payment methods,” he added. One Senate committee proposal the government looks set to ignore is the 10% tax discount for Bitcoin (BTC) miners who use renewable energy. Michael Harris the head of corporate development at local exchange Swyftx, told Cointelegraph:“We think this was a political consideration. The reality is that it’s probably going to be difficult for any government to segregate out an industry like BTC mining from other energy consumers, however laudable the intention.”However Harris said that overall the “noises coming out of government at the moment are promising” as the government seems to have recognized the need to introduce consumer protection laws without stifling innovation. “The devil will be in the detail though and we are especially keen to avoid a system that reduces customer choice by stacking the decks in favor of big, traditional financial players.”Related: Australian women owning crypto has doubled in 2021: SurveyCrypto-friendly senator Andrew Bragg, who drove the recent crypto proposals, told Cointegraph in a statement that Frydenberg’s crypto and fintech reform plan will put “Australia on the tech map”: “Australia will be a world-leading crypto hub under the Treasurer’s plan. Australian consumers will also benefit from new consumer protection rules.”“The world is watching Australia which is now setting the global standard for crypto, payments and digital wallet reform,” he added. Caroline Bowler, the CEO of local crypto exchange BTC markets welcomed the reforms, calling them a “major step forward to upgrade Australia’s one-size-fits-all regulatory framework in real-time.” “It’s great to see that the gaps in Australian regulation relating to digital financial products and the exchanges who support them are being finally addressed at the highest level of authority, and the Coalition Government is not shying away from the big issues surrounding crypto, payments and de-banking,” she said.

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Sophia AI robot to be tokenized for Metaverse appearance

A virtual anime version of Sophia, the world-famous humanoid artificial intelligence (AI) robot, is set to be tokenized and auctioned off as part of an up-and-coming Metaverse project dubbed “Noah’s Ark.” Sophia was developed by Hong Kong-based firm Hansen Robotics in 2016 and is known across the globe for her conversation skills and articulate speaking ability. In her first 5 years, Sophia has addressed the United Nations and obtained Saudi citizenship. Earlier this month, former Hansen Robotics CEO and Sophia co-creator Jeanne Lim launched a virtual anime version of the robot dubbed “Sophia beingAI” at her new company beingAI under a perpetual license and co-branding partnership. According to the Dec. 7 announcement, beingAI has partnered with intelligent nonfungible token (iNFT) production firm Alethea AI to launch 100 iNFTs featuring Sophia beingAI on Binance’s NFT marketplace in an Intelligent IGO (Initial Game Offering) on Dec. 16.The auction will take place over 5 days, with twenty iNFTs being released each day until it concludes on Dec. 21.The term iNFT refers to revolutionary NFTs that are embedded with intelligence in the form of an AI personality that adds programmability into their immutable smart contracts. These intelligent NFTs can interact in real-time with people in a gamified environment autonomously.The collection is named “The Transmedia Universe of Sophia beingAI” and as part of the partnership, the 100 iNFTs will be supported in Alethea AI’s decentralized Metaverse project Noah’s Ark. The collection is being illustrated by comic artist Pat Lee, who previously worked with DC Comics and Marvel Comics on franchises such as Batman, Superman, Ironman, and Spiderman.Alethea AI unveiled Noah’s Ark in October, and is aiming for its Metaverse to be “inhabited by interactive and intelligent NFTs.” Lim stated that: “We hope Sophia beingAI will bring together humanity and technology to help humans attain our true nature of unconditional love and pure possibilities.”Related: Sophia the robot set to auction NFT digital artworkIt is not the first time Sophia has been involved in the NFT space. In March, Sophia held an NFT auction via the Nifty Gateway platform as reported by Cointelegraph.In a famed speech at the 2017 Future Investment Initiative Conference, Sophia demonstrated that she can show emotion by making faces that were happy, sad, and angry. In 2019, Sophia stated that she knew what cryptocurrencies were but didn’t own any.

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