Autor Cointelegraph By Brayden Lindrea

'Green ETH' narrative to drive investment and adoption, says pundits

The shedding of Ethereum’s energy-intensive proof-of-work (PoW) system is expected to see Ether (ETH) “flow into the institutional world,” according to a number of fund managers and co-founders.On Sept. 15, Ethereum officially transitioned to a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, which is expected to cut energy consumption used by the network by 99.95%, according to the Ethereum Foundation. The upgrade effectively ended the need for the Ethereum network to rely on miners and energy-guzzling mining hardware to validate transactions and build new blocks, as these functions are now replaced by validators who “stake” their ETH.”The merge will reduce worldwide electricity consumption by 0.2%” – @drakefjustin— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) September 15, 2022In a statement to Cointelegraph, Charlie Karaboga, CEO and co-founder of Australian fintech company Block Earner said the network’s transition to PoS would “drive the future of money to be more internet-based.”He said that Ethereum would become “the settlement layer that everyone will accept and trust — especially when the spotlight is shining brighter than ever on the issue of sustainability in crypto mining.”Markus Thielen, Chief Investment Officer of digital asset manager IDEG said that he had been in discussions with sovereign wealth funds and central banks to help build their digital asset portfolios, but direct investment had often been “voted down due to energy concerns.” But now that the Ethereum network has transitioned to PoS, this issue is much less of a concern, he said:“While demand has been strong, the missing link has been an underlying zero-emissions, financial infrastructure. With Ethereum moving to PoS, this clearly solves this last pillar of concern.”Henrik Andersson of Apollo Capital told Cointelegraph that ESG had become a “big factor” behind institutional investment decision making in the last few years.Andersson said he believes the 99.95% energy consumption cut on Ethereum would dramatically improve ETH’s ESG score, which in turn would “make it more appealing for institutional investors” over the long-term.Blockworks co-founder Jason Yanowitz told his 92,900 followers on Sept. 15 that “Green ETH” will be the “best narrative” in crypto’s history, with crypto mining and PoW long plaguing the industry. Related: How blockchain technology is used to save the environmentYanowitz noted that until now, the “Bitcoin is bad for the environment” narrative has been “so impactful,” adding it spread like wildfire” and “has probably had the most negative impact on the asset’s performance.”“Most large institutions now have ESG mandates,” said Yanowitz. “Fidelity, BlackRock, Goldman, etc… whether or not they like it, they now have to consider the environmental impacts of their portfolios.”But that is now old news for Ethereum, with Yanowitz adding that the most important takeaway from the Merge is that “Ethereum becomes green” which becomes highly appealing to large corporations who have ESG mandates to comply with:“This will be the best narrative crypto and ETH has ever seen. It will flow into the institutional world, where investors will buy ETH because it satisfies their ESG mandate.”

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Breaking: Historic day for crypto as Ethereum Merge to proof-of-stake occurs

The Ethereum Merge has officially taken place, marking the full transition of the network to proof-of-stake (PoS). On Sept. 15 at 06:42:42 UTC at block 15537393, the long-awaited Merge saw the merging of the Ethereum Mainnet execution layer and the Beacon Chain’s consensus layer at the Terminal Total Difficulty of 58750000000000000000000, meaning the network will no longer rely on a proof-of-work consensus mechanism. The Ethereum Foundation said the Merge will make the Ethereum network about 99.95% more energy efficient and will set the stage for future scaling solutions, including sharding. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin celebrated the Merge with a tweet moments after the historical transition happened:And we finalized!Happy merge all. This is a big moment for the Ethereum ecosystem. Everyone who helped make the merge happen should feel very proud today.— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) September 15, 2022Speaking to Cointelegraph, StarkWare President and co-founder Eli Ben-Sasson that “the immediate importance of the Merge is the dramatic effect on energy consumption.”Ben-Sasson said it also marks “the first step in a process that will lead to exceedingly widespread adoption of Ethereum,” stating: “It starts a chain reaction of changes. The end result will be the very broad use of Ethereum’s computing power, and the general population using blockchain-based apps in many different areas of life.”The Merge has come on the back of several years of hard work from the Ethereum Foundation..@VitalikButerin claims that #Ethereum will be able to to process “100,000 transactions per second”, following the completion of 5 key phases:• The Merge • The Surge• The Verge • The Purge• The SplurgeA quick breakdown of what each stage means for $ETH. pic.twitter.com/FnaWww8mHZ— Miles Deutscher (@milesdeutscher) July 22, 2022

With the Merge complete, the “Surge,” “Verge,” “Purge” and “Splurge” are the final stages left on the Ethereum technical roadmap. Related: It’s on! Where to catch the Ethereum Merge liveThe Surge will increase scalability for rollups through sharding, the Verge will achieve statelessness through Verkle trees, the Purge will eliminate historical data and technical debt, and the Splurge will involve a number of small miscellaneous upgrades.Renowned designer Beeple celebrated the Merge with a sci-fi illustration:THE MERGE pic.twitter.com/7tdfNZiuuv— beeple (@beeple) September 15, 2022

The Ethereum Merge has officially taken place at block 15537393 on Sept. 15 at 06:42:42 UTC, transitioning the network from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake.

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Magic Eden defends launch of NFT royalty enforcement tool

Solana-based nonfungible token (NFT) marketplace Magic Eden has fended off some community backlash following the launch of MetaShield, its new enforcement tool aimed at deterring NFT buyers who bypass creator royalties. MetaShield, which was reportedly launched in partnership with NFT marketplace and aggregator Coral Cube saw mixed reactions from the NFT community following its launch on Sep. 12, who were split on whether NFT marketplaces should protect creator rights or cut royalty fees to make NFTs cheaper for collectors. The NFT royalty enforcement tool is designed to allow NFT creators to flag and blur NFTs that may have been sold that managed to bypass creator royalties.In an eight-part Twitter post on Sept. 14, Magic Eden defended its new tool, noting that some of the “hardest working creators today” are getting “punished” by “custom” royalty marketplaces. The new tool came only a few weeks after NFT marketplace X2Y2 introduced a new feature that affords buyers with the discretion to decide whether they pay a royalty fee (and if so, how much) when buying an NFT. Magic Eden cleared the air in its most recent thread, noting that it launched MetaShield in order to protect creators, rather than punish buyers. “Most people recognize that zero royalty marketplaces for all creators shouldn’t become the ecosystem norm,” argued Magic Eden. “What we do is an experiment, collaborate, and ship. MetaShield might not be perfect, but it provides an option to creators in this debate.”The NFT marketplace also confirmed that they will not be taking control of NFTs and that the royalty enforcement tool will not serve to punish buyers.6/ Does Magic Eden care about freedom & choice? Yes.Like collectors, creators should have freedom to defend their biz. Re: decentralization most NFTs are mutable & collectors have purchased them by their choice. We’re not centralizing NFTs any more than the original technology.— Magic Eden (@MagicEden) September 13, 2022According to Magic Eden, MetaShield was built to allow for creators “to track Solana NFTs listed with custom royalties” and “take action where they see fit” to protect their brand.According to the Magic Eden website, NFT creators are afforded “Editor” rights to shield the NFT, which allows them to modify the royalty, add a watermark or blur the image. Once debt has been paid, the Editor can revert the NFT back to its original state.Community reactionThe launch of Magic Eden’s MetaShield was initially met with mixed reactions from the community. One Twitter user claimed the addition of MetaShield further centralized the Magic Eden NFT marketplace, while another Twitter user said no one will mint NFTs if the creators use MetaShield.There is no way you haven’t seen the discussion regarding your own 2% fees on all volume, and then there is the blurring of the jpegs… You’re the problem not the royalties, bunch of centralised cucks. https://t.co/PyTNrN309v— Grug (@WiseGrug) September 14, 2022

Another Twitter user said they were concerned that innocent buyers will be punished as they’ll have their newly purchased NFT shielded, stating:”The biggest concern I have is that this punishes the buyer — someone who might not know they purchased incorrectly. After a certain period of time, the NFT will all of a sudden be ‘shielded.’ This will lead to an experience where they need to pay a lot more. However, many have also praised Magic Eden for “protecting” NFT creators.Honestly its heart warming to see a marketplace leading charge on protecting creators thx @MagicEden ❤️ Refer to @Zeneca_33 Letter 30 to understand current creator royalty payout practices and the challenges on enforcing them https://t.co/LU6UcHPfsb— cathleen.eth (@spicyccnyc) September 14, 2022

Not every NFT marketplace has sided with Magic Eden. “sudoswap” decided not to adopt the royalty fee model to make its NFT platform more buyer-friendly by only subjecting them to standard platform fees.Related: Plain talk about NFTs: What they have been and what they are becomingIn addition to that, Langston Thomas from “nft now” said that even where smart contracts are set in place to pay royalties to creators, it’s ultimately up to the NFT marketplace to honor the royalty agreement. This is because the NFT marketplace receives the royalty first via the transaction, and is not obligated to pass that royalty on.

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Bitcoin is the perfect settlement layer to build apps on top of: Hiro CEO

While the Bitcoin network isn’t programmable, it serves as an excellent settlement layer to build robust applications on top of, says Hiro CEO Alex Miller.Hiro provides Bitcoin development tools for developers to build on the Stacks blockchain. Miller said Stacks inherits the Bitcoin network’s security through a consensus mechanism called proof-of-transfer (although this is a controversial statement for some).Miller told Cointelegraph the value proposition behind building programs on top of Bitcoin is that it’s a “really well settled, well accepted, very trustworthy settlement layer.”He added that because of this, it’s a much simpler blockchain to build on top compared to most other smart contract platforms which do computation and settlement on the same layer:“When you have both your settlement and your computation on the same layer, it really complicates things in a lot of ways. […] You don’t want to be modifying your settlement layer that much.”That enables developers to “do more innovation more quickly” on a layer two which “has far, far more robust capabilities.”Miller claimed that we shouldn’t be surprised that developers are making Bitcoin programmable, as that’s what Satoshi Nakomoto envisioned:“Satoshi himself wrote back in like 2010, 2011, that he foresaw additional layers [and] additional chains will get built on top of this, to provide all of that kind of programmability.”Miller said the Stacks developer ecosystem has grown rapidly since the platform’s launch in Jan. 2021, “we’ve got hundreds of developers who are working in the ecosystem, and thousands of smart contracts and applications that have been deployed on it.”Within the first year of launch, the Stacks blockchain achieved more than 350 million monthly API requests, 40,000 Hiro wallet downloads, and deployed 2,500 Clarity smart contracts, with those figures increasing further in 2022.Miller also said that we’ll live in a “multi-chain future” without any particular smart contract platform ruling at all. “Ethereum is going to be around for at least a while, but there’s a lot of other smart contract platforms out there that haven’t stood the test of time yet,” he said. Related: Stacks’ Mitchell Cuevas talks building integrated DeFi bridges for Bitcoin usersAs for where the crypto market is headed, Miller said that crypto volatility will decline when crypto applications become more “accepted, integrated, and used in our society,” adding:“[By] bringing programmability and smart contracts to Bitcoin, it helps drive the further adoption of Bitcoin as both a technical and financial layer in our society, thereby driving down volatility while driving up the price in the long term.”

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$491B asset manager KKR’s health care fund tokenized on Avalanche

Digital asset company Securitize Capital is set to tokenize $491 billion asset management firm KKR’s Health Care Strategic Growth Fund II (HCSG II) on the Avalanche blockchain.The news was shared by KKR on Sept. 13, with the tokenization of HCSG II being described by the head of Securitize Capital Wilfred Daye as a “significant breakthrough” for individual access to private equity markets. The tokenization enables investors to own a token representing a share of the $4 billion healthcare-focused fund that invests in 23 North American and European-based companies versed in the pharmaceuticals, medical devices and life sciences sectors.In order to buy in the HCSG II Fund on the Securitize protocol, investors need to submit their passport, fill out personal and tax information and complete a “liveness check” in order to be reviewed. Investors are also subject to a 0.50% management fee.Founder and CEO of Ava Labs Emin Gün Sirer said the tokenization of the HCSG II Fund marked a “huge milestone” for the blockchain industry in enabling “real world assets” to move on-chain:Massive news: exposure to a flagship fund of @KKR_Co, one of the largest institutions in the world, is being tokenized on Avalanche by @Securitize. This is a huge milestone for blockchain by Wall Street and real world assets coming on-chain https://t.co/03iQY8OTpl— Emin Gün Sirer (@el33th4xor) September 13, 2022KKR said on-chain tokenization of real world assets also “lowers investment minimums, improves digital investor onboarding and compliance protocols, and increases potential for liquidity through a regulated alternative trading system.”Related: Tokenization, ExplainedThe potential for tokenization to capture a large share of global assets has also been acknowledged by Boston Consultant Group (BCG) and Raiffeisen Bank International’s Blockchain Research Hub.BCG predicted that $16.1 trillion of illiquid assets will be tokenized by 2030, while Raiffeisen Bank International’s Blockchain Research Hub predicted last year that most securities will be tokenized by 2030. Securitize Capital operates the Securitize protocol, which was integrated onto the Avalanche blockchain in Dec. 2020 and is focused on “reinventing private capital markets by delivering trusted end-to-end security token solutions.”

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