Autor Cointelegraph By Ana Paula Pereira

Koinos to launch its free-to-use blockchain mainnet

Layer-1 decentralized blockchain Koinos is set to launch its mainnet on Nov. 5. It will be a free-to-use platform based on a proof-of-burn (PoB) consensus algorithm, built to deliver more efficiency and access to developers in Web3. Formed by a group of blockchain veterans behind the Steem blockchain and steemit.com, the platform was built without venture capital funds, initial coin offerings, pre-mine or any other early distribution of tokens to insiders, said the company. Ahead of the release, Andrew Levine, co-founder and CEO of Koinos Group, explained to Cointelegraph the three key characteristics of the platform, saying, “It’s free-to-use, it can support any programming language (starting with C++ and TypeScript), and it is highly upgradeable.” He also noted: “All of this means that developers can use the programming languages they already know and love to build free-to-use DApps without being bottlenecked by the poor upgradeability characteristic of most blockchains, exemplified by the issues with Ethereum and its never-ending ‘Eth 2.0’ delays.”The chosen consensus algorithm refers to Satoshi Nakamoto’s original vision of peer-to-peer electronic cash, one where everyone could participate. With proof-of-burn, there is no advantage to having a large stake or tons of hardware to mine. This should mean more competition between small and large miners, noted Levine, adding:“While proof-of-burn keeps the core consensus mechanism of proof-of-work, it rewards users based on how much KOIN they have burned (literally destroyed) instead of rewarding them based on hashing power or how many tokens they hold. […] Since it is not based on how many tokens you hold but rather on how many tokens you have sacrificed, there is no need for complicated slashing conditions that make proof-of-stake chains less efficient.”Koinos’ co-founders said they decided to build a blockchain from scratch without external capital in order to keep the project attached to the core principles in the crypto space. For the ecosystem’s foundation, the platform prioritized being as “free, open and decentralized as possible.” After the mainnet is launched, however, the group said it plans to shift focus to revenue-generating products for developers.“We believe that these products will make Koinos Group equity very attractive and give investors an opportunity to share in the upside of an exponentially growing ecosystem while mitigating against many of the negatives that traditionally face investors in the space, like volatility.”Cointelegraph followed the development of the Koinos blockchain from inception to mainnet and beyond through its series “Inside the Blockchain Developer’s Mind,” discussing some of the challenges the team has faced since identifying the key issues they intend to solve.

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Unstoppable Domains launches Web3 alliance and seeks self-regulating boards

Interoperability in Web3 domains is now a priority for a cross-chain coalition of leading blockchain and Web3 players that has formed the Web3 Domain Alliance, announced on Nov. 2 at the Web Summit in Lisbon. Sandy Carter, senior vice president and channel chief at Unstoppable Domains, told Cointelegraph the group will work together to protect the naming space on Web3: “There’s not an ICANN [Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers] for Web3. We don’t think there should be. We think there should be some sort of self-regulating in the spirit and ethos of Web3. We think there should be a group like that, that helps to discuss and talk about that. That’s the group that we have just announced today.” The alliance aims to prevent malicious phishing attacks, bad actors impersonating Web3 “top-level domains” (W3TLDs), cybersquatting and Web3 domain collisions. Participants also include Bonfida, Tezos Domains, Polkadot Name System, Hedera, Syscoin, and klaytn.domains. “We invited all naming services to join us,” stated Carter. The self-regulatory agenda also pushed Unstoppable Domains to join the Open Metaverse Alliance (OMA3), a group of blockchain-based metaverses and Web3 platforms that since July are working to overcome interoperability challenges in the industry, specifically on digital identity and avatar standards across metaverses. “We joined that because we do believe that we should be self-regulating boards, and we think that more of these will come up, so it can be self-regulating versus force regulation from a central organization,” noted Carter.Self-described as an evangelist who educates people about the value proposition of data ownership, Carter believes that the relationship between users and digital privacy will drastically change for future generations, and education about data ownership it’s still a huge challenge in the space. “The biggest one [challenge] today is people understanding what it is. I often tell people that I’m really an educator, that’s what I do, I’m an evangelist that explains the value prop and why it’s so important. Because a lot of people don’t understand it today.”Decentralized websites and metaverse avatars are among the trends she believes will be boosted as the concept of data ownership becomes mainstream.”I was just speaking to a group of small businesses and one woman stood up and she said that her website was taken down for 30 days. She couldn’t get anybody to explain to her why […] And then 30 days later, it popped back up, but she lost 30 days worth of online sales. […] She was like a perfect use case. So if you have a decentralized website that won’t happen to you, because there is nobody to pull it down. It’s your website.”Unstoppable raised $65 million in a Series A funding round this year, boosting its valuation to $1 billion, following the NFT boom and the popularity of digital identity profiles. A competitor of Unstoppable, Ethereum Naming Services, has also seen a surge in demand, with nearly 2 million domain registrations as of August.

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Three crypto ETFs to be delisted in Australia as crypto winter continues

The companies behind the Cosmos Purpose Ethereum Access ETF, Cosmos Purpose Bitcoin Access ETF, and Cosmos Global Digital Miners Access ETF filed a request to revoke their quotations on Cboe Australia, according to letters disclosed on Nov. 2. The decision to revoke the quotes reflects the crypto winter’s impact on demand for crypto assets, not the management teams’ belief in the space’s future, according to reports. Each of the three funds has a net asset value under $1 million.On Oct. 31, Cosmos had requested that trading of its Bitcoin and Ether ETFs be halted. A trading halt was also requested separately by One Managed Investment Funds Limited for the digital miners ETF.Two of the funds received green lights for trading in the country just in May, after getting regulatory approval, as reported by Cointelegraph. For the first Bitcoin ETF listing in Australia, Cosmos landed the minimum of four market participants to support the 42% margin requirements needed to cover risk. At the time, local players forecasted inflows up to $1 billion for the class of assets. According to a recent report from CryptoCompare, the average daily trading volume of institutional crypto products had fallen 34.1% — to $61.3 million in October. The average daily volumes of almost all the products covered in the report decreased by -24.3% to -77.5% in the month.October’s Bitcoin-based products recorded weekly net flows of $8.37 million on average, while short Bitcoin-based products saw the largest outflows, averaging $5.03 million, as per the report. The downturn in prices has had an impact on other crypto exchange-traded funds. In October, Valkyrie Funds announced its plans to close the Valkyrie Balance Sheet Opportunities ETF, a crypto investment product offering indirect exposure to BTC.The fund was delisted from the Nasdaq exchange on Oct. 31, with remaining investors receiving a cash distribution equal to the net asset value of the held shares. Valkyrie said the decision was part of an ongoing review of products as the firm aims to “best meet client demand.”

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Lightning Network releases emergency update after critical bug on LND nodes

An emergency update was released to all Lightning Network’s LND node operators on Nov 1., after a critical bug caused LND nodes to fall out of sync chain. This was the second critical bug experienced by the network in less than a month. According to Lightning Labs, developer of the Bitcoin Lightning Network, some LND nodes stopped syncing due to an issue with the btcd wire parsing library. The hot fix (v.015.4) was released nearly three hours after the break. The release stated:”This is an emergency hot fix release to fix a bug that can cause lnd nodes to be unable to parse certain transactions that have a very large number of witness inputs.”As per the issue on GitHub, non-updated nodes will be vulnerable to malicious channel closings once channel timelocks expire in two weeks. The bug impacted only LND nodes, making the current chain state outdated, although payments transactions were still available. Some versions of electrs were also impacted, according to another issue on GitHub. The bug was triggered by a developer dubbed Burak on Twitter, with a message in the transaction saying: “you’ll run cln. and you’ll be happy.” Sometimes to find the light, we must first touch the darkness.https://t.co/dhCwF0DxpE— Burak (@brqgoo) November 1, 2022Burak was also responsible for triggering a similar bug on Oct. 9, when they created a 998-of-999 multisig transaction that was rejected by btcd and LND nodes, leading to the rejection of the whole block and all blocks following the transaction. On the same day, Lightning Labs released a patch to fix the issue.I just did a 998-of-999 tapscript multisig, and it only cost $4.90 in transaction fees.https://t.co/CvBHaRAqPu— Burak (@brqgoo) October 9, 2022

Related: What is the Lightning Network in Bitcoin, and how does it work?On Twitter, users suggested that it was time for an LND bug bounty program:Savage takedown of LND lightning nodes by exploiting a consensus discrepancy between Bitcoin Core and btcd with a single Bitcoin transaction.Encoded message: “you’ll run cln. and you’ll be happy.”Probably not a “responsible disclosure”. Time for an LND bug bounty program? https://t.co/sLZQIsS4Zt pic.twitter.com/S8HwKXdoip— Stadicus (@Stadicus3000) November 1, 2022

Hacker Anthony Towns also claimed to have disclosed the vulnerability to LND developers two weeks ago, noting that “The btcd repo doesn’t seem to have a reporting policy for security bugs, so not sure if anyone else working on btcd found out about it.”The Lightning Network is a second layer added to Bitcoin’s (BTC) blockchain that allows off-chain transactions, i.e. transactions between parties not on the blockchain network.

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Team Finance hacker returns $7M to associated projects after exploit

Four projects have received some $7 million worth of tokens from the hacker behind the $14.5 million Team Finance exploit on Oct. 27. Over the weekend, the attacker confirmed in a series of messages that they would keep 10% of the stolen fund as a bounty and return the other tokens to the affected projects.The exploiter — a self-described “whitehat” — drained assets from Team Finance through the Uniswap v2-to-v3 migration. As reported by Cointelegraph, liquidity from Uniswap v2 assets on Team Finance were transferred to an attacker-controlled v3 pair with skewed pricing, explained the blockchain security firm PeckShield. The stolen funds included USD Coin (USDC), CAW, TSUKA and KNDA tokens. Some of the affected tokens, such as CAW, suffered steep price declines due to the exploit and subsequent liquidity crunch. On Oct. 30, Kondux, a nonfungible token (NFT) marketplace, announced it received 95% of the stolen funds, or 209 Ether (ETH), while Feg Token recovered 548 ETH. Tsuka’s blockchain protocol also confirmed receiving over $765,000 worth of the stablecoin Dai (DAI) and 11.8 million TSUKA. Caw Coin — the biggest victim of the exploit — received back $5 million worth of DAI and 74.6 billion of its native token, CAW.We’re thrilled to announce we have received 95% of the exploited ETH back!Please bear with us in the coming 48 hours ⏳ as we await the $KNDX to return so we can plan our next move forward. ⏩ Massive thanks to the community for their unwavering support $FEG $CAW $TSUKA— Kondux (@Kondux_KNDX) October 30, 2022On Twitter, the protocol urged the hacker to get in contact for a bounty payment. According to Team Finance, its smart contract had been previously audited, and developers had temporarily halted all activity on the protocol. The company was founded in 2020 by TrustSwap, which provides token liquidity locking and vesting services to project executives. The protocol claimed to have $3 billion secured across 12 blockchains.The exploit followed the Mango Markets attack on Oct. 11, when a hacker manipulated the value of the platform’s native token, MNGO, to achieve higher prices. The attacker then took out significant loans against the inflated collateral, draining Mango’s treasury.After a proposal on Mango’s governance forum was approved, the hacker was allowed to keep $47 million as a “bug bounty,” while $67 million was sent back to the treasury.

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